I. Fertility characteristics of cowpea
The individual development of cowpea, in terms of vine species, can be divided into four stages, seed germination stage, seedling stage, pumping vine stage and flowering and scarring stage, from sowing to bean pod maturation or seed maturation.
1, seed germination
The cotyledon is unearthed, and photosynthesis is not carried out. The nutrients stored during decomposition are used for decomposition, and photosynthesis is carried out later in the game to live independently.
2. Seedling stage
The first pair of true leaves was developed to have 7-8 compound leaves for the seedling stage;
The seedling stage is short, the stems are erect, and the root system is gradually developed.
3, pumping period
There are 7-8 compound leaves to the buds of the plants. During this period, the main vine spreads quickly and nodules begin to form.
4, flowering stage
The time from the bud emergence to the end of soybean meal harvesting or seed maturation is often 50-60 days, depending on the variety and cultivation season.
Second, cowpea planting environment
1, the temperature
Germination temperature: 25-35 degrees;
Optimal temperature for growth and development: 20-25 degrees;
Temperature> 35 degrees <below 15 degrees, the growth of the crust is affected;
When it is close to 0°C, the plants will suffer freezing injury.
2, light
Shorter days can accelerate the growth and development of cowpeas, make them mature earlier, and when the light is insufficient, they can cause falling flowers.
3, moisture
Excessive soil moisture → reduced germination rate, dead roots, dead flowers, falling flowers;
Insufficient soil moisture → Inhibit the growth and development of cowpea and reduce the yield.
4, soil
Good drainage performance, loose and fertile soil, and pH 7.2-7 soil pH.
5, fertilization
Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer.
Third, the cowpea planting technology
1, good selection
Commonly used varieties are: 豇 series, Yang 豇 series, Nanjing star series, 豇 belt 豇, 七豇 豇, 八豇 豇, 地豇豆 and so on.
2. Cultivation season and sowing time
Early Spring Kidney Bean: Seedlings can be sowed in greenhouses and other facilities in March-April, and can be film-cast live in mid-April, and can be exposed directly after the end of April to early May;
Spring and summer cowpeas are sown in mid-July; autumn cowpeas are sown from July to early August.
3, soil preparation and base fertilizer
Avoid continuous cropping, need to rotate for more than two years; before the harvest for deep plowing 20-30cm, basal fertiliser 3000kg per mu, superphosphate 25-30kg, plant ash or ash 50-75kg or potassium sulfate 10-20kg.
4, reasonable close planting
In the early spring, cowpea should be planted when the first pair of true leaves has not yet been planted; the principle of planting and planting drought should be mastered in planting; two plants per hole should be planted; the summer and autumn cowpeas should be broadcast live, and the seeding rate per hole is 3-4 or 4-5 grains; sowing density spacing is 0.8-1m, spacing between 0.26-0.33m.
Fourth, field management of cowpea planting
1. Field management of cowpea planting
Mainly include: fertilizer and water management, plant adjustment, the establishment of stents, temperature and water management, pruning topping, harvesting and so on.
2. Pest control
Locust: Spray 40% dimethoate every 7-10 days.
Bean noodles: Use dichlorvos 800 times at the flowering stage of cowpea to spray once every 6-10 days.
Cowpea mycoticosis: Use 5% carbendazim 1000 times solution or 50% thiophanate 1000 times solution to spray 2-3 to control.
Kidney bean rust: sprayed with 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times or 65% dexamethasone 500 times, sprayed every 7-10 days and sprayed 2-3 times.
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