Soilless cultivation can avoid soil-borne diseases, insect pests and continuous cropping obstacles. Compared with soil cultivation, it also has the characteristics of reducing the amount of pesticides, increasing crop yield and quality, saving fertilizer, labor, and water, and is not limited by the fertility of the soil. This paper intends to plant cucumbers in Zichang Evergreen Experimental Park without soil to explore its cultivation techniques and its traits.
1. Soilless cultivation techniques for cucumber 1. Installation of supporting facilities and cultivation systems (1) Supporting facilities. 1 Greenhouse plastic greenhouse (specification: 35m, 4m, and 6m), with an area of ​​210m2. Note that facilities such as small and medium sized sheds and water arch sheds are not recommended. For protection facilities, special heights are required and the environment is certain. The ability to control. 2Sufficient water source, using tap water to automatically supply water to the fertilizer system. (2) Cultivation system. 1 cultivation trough: using bag culture method, generally each bag is 25-30 cm in diameter and 40-45 cm in height. About 600 bags can be placed in each shed. 2 irrigation system. One drip irrigation belt is installed in each tank, and other water supply and fertilizer management roads can be used for plastic water pipes, and automatic water supply and fertilizer regulation systems are adopted. (3) Cultivation of substrates. A mixed matrix prepared mainly from wood chips or charcoal: slag = 4:6, peat: perlite = 1:1. The fertilizer ratio is ammonium sulfate: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: potassium sulfate = 10:7:7, but it should be noted that this ratio should be applied flexibly according to the difference in the use of fertilizers everywhere. (4) Variety selection. Cucumber, "Zhongnong 5" cucumber. 2. Cultivation and management techniques of greenhouses (1) Rinse mouth arrangement of greenhouse cucumbers. There are generally three ways of early spring cultivation and winter hoe cultivation and long-term cultivation. Long-term cultivation is used here. (2) nursery. Due to the warm climate conditions of our city, the use of greenhouse cultivation is generally not limited by time. The method of seedling is to use seedlings to raise seedlings. The substrate is firstly permeable to water, and the seeds after germination are played, covered with a layer of vermiculite and then covered with a film to keep warm. Keep 25-30 °C during the day and 15-20 °C during the night. Higher air and substrate temperatures favor the formation of female flowers, so water should not be excessively controlled in the water and it should be kept moist. Sunshine is generally better at 8-10 hours. Pay attention to strengthening nitrogen, nutrition and supply. Can be used 0.1% of urea foliar spray 1-2 times to promote female flower differentiation, can also apply carbon dioxide fertilizer technology, or ethylene can promote female flower differentiation, increase the number of female flowers. When more than 50% of the seedlings are arched, the film is removed in time and entered into the seedling stage management. The whole seedling period is about 25-30 days. (3) transplanting colonization. Cucumber seedlings can be transplanted and planted in general with 3-4 leaves. Planting is one for each cultivation bag, divided into 6 rows, and each shed can be planted in about 600 cultivation bags. After planting, the planting water should be poured once, about 3 to 5 days, and the normal production management stage should be carried out after the seedlings are slowed down. (4) Field management. 1 Environmental control and regulation. Due to the abundant temperature and light conditions in our city and the small temperature difference between day and night, it is easier to control the environment. Generally, in spring and autumn, there is no need for manual adjustment. The greenhouse can cover the insect net. When the temperature is lower than 25 °C and the night is lower than 13-15 °C, it can be covered with plastic film. Cover the grass felt, cover the shade net when the summer is hot, or use spray to cool down, etc., try to keep the temperature below 30 °C, and control the temperature difference between day and night above 10 °C. 2 water and fertilizer management. When using the drip irrigation system, the cucumbers that have been planted with the seedlings are planted with 400-500 ml per plant per day, and the amount is gradually increased as the plants grow. In the period of the melon, due to the strong growth of cucumber, the amount of melon is large, and each plant needs to be poured 2000-2500 ml per day, and the maximum concentration can be poured from 1.20 to 1.50 times. After the weather turns hot, the melon period has passed and the concentration should be gradually reduced to half amount, but the amount of pouring can not be reduced. The pH of the nutrient solution is preferably 5.60-6.20. (5) Plant adjustment. After the cucumber seedlings are planted, the seedlings are quickly planted, so it is necessary to prepare the hanging vine material. Generally, the nylon thread is used as the hanging wire, and the double hook-shaped sling rack which can be wound around the sling is hooked on the thick iron pipe in the upper part of the greenhouse, and the nylon thread is one end. Wrap around the sling rack and wind the other end at the base of the plant. When the plant grows to a certain height (about 2 meters), the excess rope can be gradually lowered, or the base can be placed in the steel near the ground. On the shelf. For cultivars dominated by main guarana, up to 10 knots of lateral vines and tendrils can be removed at the time of planting. Pan vines should be carried out on a sunny day to avoid folding the main vines. The main vine grows to the upper part of the thick iron tube and should be topped to promote the long melon and the long side vine. (6) Harvesting. Generally 2-3 days harvest 1 time. It enters the fruiting period every other day, even every day. The harvest should be carried out in the afternoon, when the melon strips are tender, with sufficient moisture and quality.
Second, the performance of cucumber and its economic benefits After the soilless cultivation of cucumber, its traits mainly manifested in the following aspects: 1, the shape of the melon is straight and large, beautiful color. Generally, each piece can reach 1.50 kilograms per weight. 2, rich in nutrition, good quality, good taste. The content of soluble solids and sugar in vitamin C was tested to a large extent. 3, no pollution, can meet the green food standards. Soilless cultivation better solves the problem of serious pollution caused by the large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides used, and that the body contains harmful substances that exceed the standard of human health. It is both nutritious and safe. After preliminary assessment by the Provincial Green Food Center, Zichang evergreen garden Soilless cultured cucumbers can meet Class A green food standards. 4. The yield is greatly improved. The ratio of cucumber yield to conventional yield is about 5:1. Each year up to 100,000 kilograms per mu.
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