Rice Blast
1. Miao Wei and Ye Yu are conducting field investigations to monitor the occurrence of blast disease and identify the types of lesions that require control. At the seedling stage, fields of susceptible varieties such as Sakata and Honda were selected for study. These included green-growing fields, cold-water immersed fields, and cold-water irrigated fields in mountainous areas. A parallel line sampling method was used, with 100 hills inspected per plot, and checks conducted every five days. When a disease center was identified, a full survey was carried out. Any field showing acute lesions or localized outbreaks was considered a target for treatment. If weather forecasts predict hot and rainy conditions, along with fog exposure, immediate protective spraying should be applied.
2. Spike and neck blast: After collecting samples from the flag leaves, the color change of leafhoppers and leaf sheaths was observed, and the target fields were determined based on weather conditions. The survey method followed the same approach as before. Lesions on the leaves and flag leaves, especially those with acute symptoms, were classified as high-priority fields for prevention and control. During the heading stage of early and late rice, if low temperatures and rain occur, fields with susceptible cultivars or late-maturing plants should also be targeted for control. This period, from the heading stage to the milking stage, is a critical time for disease development. It is essential to track the growth stages of rice when monitoring pests and diseases. Panicle blast should be managed during the heading and milk stages.
Rice Sheath Blight
To monitor sheath blight, a combination of Dingtian surveys and Daedong censuses was used. Dingtian surveys involved selecting various rice heads, starting from the tillering stage, with surveys conducted every five days. Each field was divided into three points—south, middle, and north. At each point, 20 samples were taken, totaling 60 samples per field. The initial disease onset and number of infected plants were recorded, and the disease rate was calculated. When the disease began to spread rapidly, a detailed field survey was conducted. Each field was sampled at 20 points, with 10 samples per point, totaling 100 samples. If the disease rate reached 30%, Jinggangmycin should be applied immediately.
The formula for calculating the disease rate is: Disease Rate (%) = (Number of Infected Plants / Total Number of Sampled Plants) × 100.
During the high tillering stage of early rice and the green-up stage of late rice, susceptible fields and sensitive varieties were chosen as fixed-point survey sites, with surveys conducted every five days or after rainfall. During the survey, attention was paid to symptoms like Tanabe, Taguchi, intake, etc., by examining the lower parts of the leaves, moving upward one by one. When an outbreak center or diseased plant was found, the affected field, seed-bearing field, and susceptible species were marked for control. Fields near the outbreak site should also be included. If symptoms such as water-stained lesions, heart rot, or leaf bruising were observed, immediate preventive measures were taken. After the disease occurred, if heavy rains followed, another round of control should be implemented after the rain.
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