In many spindle-shaped apple orchards, a common issue is that the main branches and the central leader (middle dry) are not properly separated. In some trees, the main branches become excessively thick compared to the central stem, leading to an unbalanced tree structure. This imbalance can cause poor light penetration, reduced fruit quality, and overall poor growth in the orchard. To address this problem, several practical solutions can be implemented.
First, in the upper part of the tree, if certain branches are too thick or oversized, they should be removed without hesitation. This helps improve light exposure and maintain the tree’s natural balance. Removing these branches allows better air circulation and sunlight distribution, which is essential for healthy growth and fruit development.
For trees where the ratio between the main branch and the central leader is 1:2 or more, it's important to adjust the angle of the main branches. These branches should be trained to grow at a negative angle or droop slightly. This technique encourages the redistribution of nutrients from the main branch to the base, promoting the growth of 2–3 buds at the base before the growing season begins. A two-step pruning process is recommended: one cut blocks nutrient flow to the main branch, while the second cut stimulates new shoot development. Once the new branches are established, the old ones can be removed, allowing the tree to renew itself gradually.
When the main branch has a ratio of approximately 1:3 compared to the central leader and is quite long, adjusting the angle to 90–100 degrees can help balance the tree. Before bud break, make two rounds of cuts around the base to redirect nutrients toward the stem. Depending on the growth potential of the main branch, you can make a vertical cut from the base in mid to late May. This encourages flowering and fruiting, which in turn helps control the tree's vigor and promotes better yield.
By implementing these techniques, growers can achieve a more balanced tree structure, improve fruit quality, and ensure long-term productivity in their orchards. Proper pruning and training are essential for maintaining healthy, high-yielding apple trees.
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