Hybrid sunflower oil has a relatively short growth cycle and exhibits strong cold resistance in its seedlings, making the sowing period more flexible. It can be sown in spring, summer, or winter, depending on local climatic conditions.
In spring, the sowing time varies by region. For example, in Hebei, it is typically from early March to May 10; in Liaoning, from April 20 to May 10; in Inner Mongolia, from April 15 to May 10; in Shanxi, from April 14 to April 25; and in Jilin, from May 15 to 25. In areas with high rainfall, it's best to avoid late spring sowing. Early sowing offers several benefits: it allows the use of moisture retained in the soil from autumn and winter, promoting early emergence and strong seedling development. Seedlings grown in cooler early spring conditions tend to develop stronger roots and improved drought resistance. Sowing early also helps avoid the hot and humid rainy season during flowering, which improves pollination and reduces disease incidence and empty shells. Additionally, early sowing ensures better light and temperature conditions during the growing period. In regions with short frost-free periods, early sowing helps avoid damage from early frosts. However, in dry hill areas, early sowing is not recommended, as the plants may struggle under drought conditions, leading to low yields. These areas should wait until after the bud stage to sow, when local rainfall becomes more reliable.
Summer sowing requires careful consideration of the local climate to ensure that the 90-day growth period after sowing is sufficient. In areas with lower temperatures and accumulated heat, it’s best to sow as early as possible to avoid poor maturity and reduced yield. In contrast, in areas with higher light intensity and accumulated temperature, summer sowing should be delayed to avoid the hot and humid season, which can negatively affect pollination and increase disease risk.
Winter sowing involves planting seeds in the soil during winter, allowing them to germinate when spring conditions become favorable. This method helps reduce soil moisture loss in spring and supports earlier emergence. Winter sowing is particularly suitable for dry regions, areas with busy spring farming schedules, or places with short frost-free periods. The ideal temperature for winter sowing is between 0°C and 4°C, to prevent immediate germination after planting. According to research by the Yanzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Shanxi, winter sowing increased yield by 11.7%, grain weight by 4.3%, and oil content by 3.8% compared to traditional spring sowing. Similarly, the Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences found that winter-sown seeds germinate normally in early spring, with flowering and maturing occurring 5-7 days earlier than those sown in spring.
The sowing rate depends on the seed germination rate, field seedling survival rate, and overall loss rate. On average, the field loss rate ranges from 10% to 20% of the planned plant density. For example, if the target is 4,000 plants per acre, with a 20% emergence loss and a 98% germination rate, the number of seeds to be sown would be 4,000 + (4,000 × 20%) + (4,000 × 2%) = 4,880 seeds. If each seed weighs 80 grams, the total sowing rate would be 4,880 × 80 ÷ 1,000 = 390.4 grams per acre. When using coated seeds and precision sowing techniques, the amount required per acre is approximately 350 grams.
Sowing methods include mechanical sowing and spot broadcasting. Mechanical sowing can be done using modified corn or soybean planters, especially when the seeds are of high quality and the land is well-prepared. Precision sowing is ideal in such conditions. For spot broadcasting, after preparing the furrows or ridges, farmyard manure is applied first, followed by seeding. The optimal soil cover depth is 3–5 cm. Too shallow sowing may lead to “top shell unearthed†issues, while poor soil conditions can cause “bud dry.†In arid areas with unfavorable drought conditions, the sowing depth should be increased to 5–8 cm. For easier mechanical harvesting, it's advisable to arrange plots in an east-west direction so that the sunflower heads face southeast, improving harvest efficiency.
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