Prevention and Control of Main Pests of Eucalyptus

In the realm of urban landscaping, eucalyptus trees are among the most commonly used species, making up approximately 30% of over 300 types of street and garden trees. Over the past decade, eucalyptus has gained immense popularity in landscape design, becoming a familiar sight in cities across the region. However, with this widespread use comes a growing concern: the presence of various pests that can damage these trees and affect their beauty. As you stroll along the sidewalk, you may notice the leaves of nearby eucalyptus trees appearing damaged—twisted, chewed, or covered in strange markings. These signs often point to the presence of eucalyptus pests, which can be both unsightly and frustrating for gardeners and city planners alike. Below, we explore the characteristics and control methods for several major eucalyptus pests. First, the gray silkworm moth, a member of the family Bombycidae. Adults are gray-brown with four dark brown lines on the forewings and a central half-moon black line. The larvae are smaller, gray in color, and have an oval, flat shape that changes from yellow to dark black as they grow. They are often found wrapped in white silk during the winter. In Guangzhou, adults emerge from late January to early February. Eggs are laid on branches or the underside of leaves in double rows. Newly hatched larvae feed on leaves, and as they grow, they continue to feed on foliage, often hanging from the leaves. Control measures include using biological agents containing more than 10 billion spores per gram of *Bacillus* species at a 1:1000 dilution, or spraying with 80% dichlorvos EC at 1:1000 or 90% trichlorfon at 1:1000, achieving up to 90% effectiveness. Next, the purple butterfly, a member of the Lepidoptera order. Its wings measure about 75mm in length, with a dark brown base that reflects a purplish-blue hue. The forewings feature two rows of white spots and five additional white dots in the middle. The eggs are bulbous and hexagonally patterned, hatching into yellow and brown-colored insects. Mature larvae are dark brown with segmented bodies and distinctive purple filaments on certain parts of their thorax and abdomen. They feed on eucalyptus leaves from April to November, and can also damage oleander plants. Manual removal of caterpillars and nymphs is effective, while young larvae can be treated with 90% trichlorfon at 1:1000 or 80% dichlorvos at 1:800. Biological agents such as *Bacillus thuringiensis* can also be applied at 500-1000 times dilution every 10-15 days for three consecutive applications. The venomous moth, belonging to the family Limacodidae, is another common pest. Males have brown antennae and transparent forewings with dark veins, while females have pale yellow antennae and light yellow wings with brown patterns. Eggs are red, and larvae are dark with colorful markings. They appear from May to October in Guangzhou, causing significant leaf damage. Control involves spraying 90% trichlorfon at 1:800 or Xingmianbao at 1:3000, or using biological agents like *Bacillus thuringiensis* and nuclear polyhedrosis virus. For small infestations, manually removing larvae and pupae is effective. Lastly, the thrips, part of the order Thysanoptera. These tiny pests are dark brown, with conical head projections and hexagonal patterns. Their wings are transparent, and their tarsi show color variation. Eggs are kidney-shaped and milky white. Thrips are active year-round in Guangzhou and cause curled, deformed leaves. They feed on young buds and leaves, turning affected areas dark purple. Control includes spraying 2.5% rattan extract at 1:300, 80% dichlorvos at 1:800, or 2.5% enemy kill emulsion at 1:3000, repeated every 7-10 days for three applications. By understanding these pests and implementing proper control strategies, it's possible to maintain the health and beauty of eucalyptus trees in urban environments.

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