To achieve a more efficient and high-yield sugarcane production, the new approach emphasizes three main strategies: "Six Unifications," "Four Key Points," and "One Core Principle." These steps are designed to ensure consistency, optimize growth conditions, and maximize productivity.
First, the "Six Unifications" serve as the foundation for standardized cultivation. This includes uniform varieties, planting specifications, fertilization methods, seedling treatment, film coverage, and chemical weed control. By maintaining these standards, farmers can improve efficiency and reduce variability in crop performance.
Under the "Uniform Varieties" strategy, specific sugarcane cultivars such as Xintai Sugar No.1, No.10, No.22, and others are selected to create a balanced mix of early, mid, and late maturing types in a 4:4:2 ratio. This helps ensure a steady supply of harvestable cane throughout the season.
For "Uniform Planting Specifications," fields are prepared with a 100cm field opening and 95cm irrigation spacing. The planting furrow is 50cm deep and 35cm wide, with double-bud segments placed in a trapezoidal shape. Each acre should have around 8,000 buds, and the soil covering should be only 10cm deep to promote healthy root development.
The "Unified Formula Fertilization" involves applying 3,000kg of organic fertilizer or filter mud as base fertilizer, along with 50kg of general calcium or special compound fertilizer. Topdressing includes urea, calcium, and potassium sulfate at specific rates to support plant growth at different stages.
Seedlings undergo a "Unified Treatment" process, where they are cut into two-bud segments and soaked in solutions like thiram or bacteria to prevent diseases such as pineapple disease and red rot. This step is crucial for ensuring strong and healthy plants from the start.
"Uniform Film Coverage" requires that plastic mulch be applied 2–3 days after planting and irrigation. The film must be tightly stretched and sealed around the edges, with at least 20cm of the surface exposed to allow for proper ventilation and moisture retention.
Finally, "Unified Chemical Weed Control" involves using herbicides like 48% glyphosate at a rate of 200g per acre. Spraying is done either directly on the trenches or combined with irrigation to effectively suppress weeds without harming the crops.
Moving on to the "Four Key Points," which focus on critical management practices:
Fertilizer and water management is essential. Organic fertilizer is applied during the early growth stage, followed by topdressing with urea, calcium, and potassium sulfate. Watering follows a "run-wet-run-dry" pattern, adjusting based on the growth phase to optimize moisture levels.
Soil earthing-up is another important aspect. Light soil is added during the seedling stage, while deeper cultivation occurs during the tillering and extension periods to support robust root development.
Removing dead leaves during the late growth stage improves air circulation, reduces nutrient loss, and promotes better sugar accumulation. It also makes harvesting easier and helps prevent pests and lodging.
Pest and disease control is handled through regular monitoring and timely application of fungicides and insecticides. Treatments like jinggangmycin, carbendazim, and imidacloprid are used to manage common issues such as smut, eye spot, and aphids.
Lastly, the "One Key Principle" focuses on fast and low-cut harvesting. This ensures that the sugarcane stubble remains below the soil surface, promoting faster regrowth of ratoon cane the following year. Proper cutting, transport, and scheduling help maintain high sugar content and overall yield.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can significantly improve the quality, yield, and sustainability of their sugarcane production.
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