First, the new sugarcane cultivation approach focuses on achieving "six unifications," seizing the "four key points," and grasping the "one key" to ensure efficient and high-quality production.
1. **Six Unifications**:
- **Uniform varieties**: The main varieties include Xintai Sugar No.1, No.10, No.22, No.24, No.25, No.26, No.10 sugar, No.11 sugar, No.11 sugarcane sugar, No.12 sugarcane, No.92/19, No.92/80, and No.1 sugar. These are combined in a 4:4:2 ratio of early, mid, and late-maturing varieties for balanced growth and harvest timing.
- **Uniform planting specifications**: Field opening is 100cm, irrigation field 95cm, planting ditch depth 50cm, width 35cm, with double-bud trapezoidal planting, 8,000 buds per acre, and 10cm shallow soil covering.
- **Unified formula fertilization**: Base fertilizer includes 3,000kg of Mushi organic fertilizer or 3,000kg of filter mud, along with 50kg of general calcium or 50kg of sugarcane-specific compound fertilizer.
- **Uniform seedling treatment**: Cut cane seedlings into two-bud segments, remove non-viable or damaged buds, and soak healthy segments in 0.5% thiram or 0.2% bacteria solution. Alternatively, mix 50% Mushi with 1kg of fertilizer and apply it in the planting ditch to prevent diseases like pineapple disease and red rot.
- **Uniform film coverage**: Cover the field with plastic film 2-3 days after irrigation, using 3kg per mu. Ensure the film is tightly stretched, smooth, and sealed around the edges, with at least 20cm of exposed surface.
- **Unified chemical weed control**: Apply 48% glyphosate at 200g per acre, either by watering directly or spraying on weedy areas. It can also be applied during irrigation to control weeds effectively.
2. **Four Key Points**:
- **Fertilizer and water management**: Apply base fertilizer with 3,000kg of organic fertilizer and 50kg of general calcium. Top-dress with 40kg urea, 50kg general calcium, and 10–15kg potassium sulfate. Water according to the “run-wet-run-dry†principle: run-based during seedling and tillering stages, wet-based during growth, and dry-based 15 days before harvest.
- **Soil earthing-up**: During the seedling stage, apply light soil (3–5cm); combine tilling with tiller growth to cultivate 10cm of soil around fixed plants; and apply 20cm of soil during the extension phase.
- **Dead leaf removal**: Remove dead leaves in the late growth stage to improve air circulation, reduce nutrient loss, promote sugar accumulation, and enhance harvesting efficiency. This also helps prevent pests and lodging.
- **Pest and disease control**: After seedling treatment, monitor and manage smut, eye spot, brown strip disease, Taiwan rice borer, aphids, and whiteflies. Use fungicides like Jinggangmycin, carbendazim, and chlorothalonil for diseases, and insecticides such as triazophos, quercetin, and imidacloprid for pest control.
3. **One Key**:
- **Fast and low cutting**: Harvesting should be done quickly and at a low height to keep the cane pile below the soil surface, allowing ratoon cane to regrow faster. Coordinate cutting, transport, and processing to ensure early, mid, and late varieties are harvested at the right time. This ensures high sugar content and maximizes yield and quality.
By following these strategies, farmers can achieve better productivity, healthier crops, and higher profitability in sugarcane farming.
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