Since last winter, the region experienced an extended period of low temperatures followed by a significant amount of snowfall. Recently, temperatures have risen rapidly, leading to high humidity and increased soil moisture. These conditions create an ideal environment for various pests and diseases to thrive. As a result, it is crucial to pay close attention to the occurrence and potential damage caused by these issues this year. Proactive measures must be taken to ensure effective prevention and control.
Based on the typical pest patterns observed in early spring, the following integrated management strategies are recommended:
1. **Orchard sanitation** is essential. Remove fallen leaves from the orchard, scrape off old bark, and burn infected areas affected by apple rot and other fungal diseases. During pruning, cut and remove branches infested with powdery mildew or galls, and trim the edges of cypress trees where rust spores may accumulate. These practices help reduce overwintering pest populations, including apple scab, apple rust, apple canker, early leaf drop, pear psylla, leaf miner moths, tortrix moths, and mites.
2. **Lime sulfur application** should be carried out in apple, pear, peach, and cherry orchards. Apply 3–5° Baumé lime sulfur solution at the appropriate time depending on the species. For apples and pears, spray during bud swelling; for peaches, when buds show slight redness; and for cherries, during the bud stage.
3. **Apple tree rot** requires careful treatment. After scraping the infected areas, apply Kang Shui agent or products like Rot Rule, Fruit Rot Kang, or similar solutions. In older orchards with severe infection, consider spraying the entire area with Parkinson’s Net, Guokangbao, or Fruit Fungus Net for broader protection.
4. In orchards affected by scale insects, apply a 5% oil emulsion (such as diesel or mineral oil) before bud break, according to the growth stage of each tree species. Spraying too late may cause plant injury, so timing is critical.
5. For orchards affected by the small apple fruitworm, mix dichlorvos with kerosene at a 50:1 ratio and apply it directly to the damaged areas to kill the larvae effectively.
By implementing these preventive and curative measures, orchard managers can significantly reduce the risk of pest and disease outbreaks, ensuring healthier crops and better yields this season.
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