Rice Blast
1. Miao Wei and Ye Yu are conducting field investigations to monitor the occurrence of blast disease and identify the types of lesions that require control. At the seedling stage, fields of varieties like Sakata and Honda that are highly susceptible to the disease—such as green-growing fields, cold-water immersed fields, and cold-water irrigated fields in mountainous areas—are selected for detailed observation. A parallel line sampling method is used, with 100 hills inspected per plot, and each field is checked every five days. When a disease center is detected, a full survey is conducted. All fields showing acute lesions or sporadic outbreaks are considered target areas for treatment. If the weather forecast predicts hot and rainy conditions, along with fog exposure, immediate protective spraying should be carried out.
2. Spikes and necks. After collecting samples from the flag leaves, the color changes in leafhoppers and leaf sheaths are observed, and the weather conditions are monitored to determine which fields need attention. The survey method is similar to the previous one. Lesions on the leaves and flag leaves, especially those showing acute symptoms, are classified as high-priority areas for prevention and control. Early and late rice varieties during the heading stage are particularly vulnerable to low temperatures and rain, so fields with susceptible cultivars or late-maturing crops should also be targeted. The period from heading to the milking stage is a critical time when rice is most susceptible to blast. Therefore, it's essential to track the growth stages of the rice plant during pest and disease surveys. Panicle blast should be addressed during the heading and milk-ripe stages.
Rice Sheath Blight
To effectively monitor rice sheath blight, a combination of Dingtian surveys and Daejeon censuses can be used. For Dingtian surveys, various headhunters are selected, and each survey starts from the tillering stage of rice, with inspections conducted every five days. Each field is divided into three points: south, middle, and north. At each point, 20 plants are surveyed, totaling 60 plants per field. Field records include the start of the disease and the number of infected plants, allowing for the calculation of the disease rate. If the disease appears to spread rapidly, an intensified field survey is initiated. Each field is sampled using 20 points, with 10 plants per point, totaling 100 samples. The sickness rate is calculated as follows: Sickness Rate (%) = (Number of Infected Plants / Total Number of Surveyed Plants) × 100. When the disease rate reaches 30%, Jinggangmycin should be applied immediately.
Early rice during the high-tillering phase and late rice during the returning green stage should have fixed-point surveys conducted on susceptible fields. Surveys should take place every five days or after rainfall. During these surveys, attention should be paid to signs such as Tanabe, Taguchi, intake, and others. Inspect the base of the leaves first, then move upward, checking each blade one by one. If a disease focus or diseased plant is found, the affected field, seed-bearing field, and susceptible varieties should be prioritized for control. Fields near the outbreak area should also be included in the control plan. If symptoms of early infection, scattered disease, water-stained lesions, or heart and leaf bruising are observed, immediate preventive measures must be taken. If heavy rains occur after the disease has been detected, additional control measures should be implemented after the rain.
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