Lotus root farming combined with raising leather beard (Clalqsa Leather) is a highly profitable and sustainable agricultural model. On average, each acre (667 square meters) can produce 2000–2500 kg of lotus roots, while leather beard fish can yield 500–600 kg per acre (with individual fish weighing 0.5–1 kg). With proper feeding and management, the yield can reach up to 800 kg. The total output value per acre ranges from 9,000 to 12,000 yuan, with a net profit of 5,000 to 6,000 yuan.
To start, choose a suitable location with good water supply, irrigation facilities, and clean, high-quality water that retains well. In the field, dig a fish pit at one end, about 1–1.2 meters deep and 50–70 square meters in size. At the other end, create a small ditch 1–1.5 meters wide and 80 cm deep leading to the main channel. Raise the field ridges to 1–1.2 meters. Install water inlets and outlets to prevent fish from escaping. Before planting, apply 1500–2000 kg of compost and 30–50 kg of compound fertilizer per acre. Spread 250–300 kg into the fish pit and ditch to cultivate natural food sources. Plow and mix the soil 1–2 times before draining the water.
For leather beard cultivation, use medium- to late-maturing varieties. Plant when the temperature reaches 15°C in spring. Choose healthy seedlings with more than two nodes and a weight of at least 0.5 kg. Plant them in staggered rows, with the top buds facing each other and the outer buds inward. Insert the buds at an angle, 8–12 cm deep, with the lower part slightly curved upward.
When stocking fish, disinfect the pond with 60–70 kg of lime slurry per acre 10–15 days before stocking. For overwintering fish, stock when the water temperature stabilizes between 18–20°C, with 800–1000 fish per acre of 8–10 cm in size. For smaller fish (3–5 cm), stock 1500–2000 per acre. Ensure all fish are of similar size to avoid cannibalism. Soak the fish in a 2.5% saltwater solution mixed with 1 mg/L bleaching powder for 5–10 minutes before releasing them. After one month, introduce small quantities of large oysters and breams.
In addition to natural food sources like plankton, benthic organisms, and lotus pests, artificial feeding is essential. Initially, feed with animal-based foods such as fish, shrimp, snail meat, and offal, along with soybean cake, bran, rice husk, and duckweed. As the season progresses, increase plant-based feeds or mix with fish meal, blood meal, or other animal by-products. Feed 2–3 times daily using the “slow-fast-slow†and “less-more-less†method. From June to September, increase feeding to 6–10% of the fish’s body weight daily. Use fluorescent lights at night to attract more bait.
Water management is crucial. Maintain a water depth of over 30 cm during the growth period, and change water every 5–7 days to keep the clarity around 30 cm. Lower the water level when the fish start scarring. If feeding animal-based food, change the water more frequently. To prevent diseases, spray 20 mg/L of quicklime every 10–15 days and 1 mg/L of bleach once a month. You can also mix antibiotics like sulfadiazine (0.1–0.2 g per kg of fish) or antibiotics (5–10 mL per kg of fish) into the feed for 5 days.
Leather beard is a tropical fish that cannot survive below 7–8°C. Harvest and sell them promptly. During fishing, catch the larger ones and leave the smaller ones. At the final harvest, slowly drain the field so the fish move into the fish pit, then drain the water and collect them. After harvesting, raise the fish in a clean pond for 3–4 days to remove mud and odor before selling. When the lotus leaves start dying, it's time to harvest the lotus roots.
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