Lotus root farming combined with raising leather beard carp (Clarias gariepinus) can be a highly profitable and sustainable agricultural practice. On an acre of land (667 square meters), lotus roots can yield 2,000 to 2,500 kg, while leather beard carp can reach 500 to 600 kg per acre (with individual fish weighing between 0.5 to 1 kg). With proper feeding and management, the yield can even increase up to 800 kg. The total output value from this integrated system ranges between 9,000 to 12,000 yuan, with a net profit of approximately 5,000 to 6,000 yuan per acre.
To begin, the field should be selected in areas with good water supply, irrigation facilities, and high-quality water with strong retention capacity. A fish pit, 1 to 1.2 meters deep and covering 50 to 70 square meters, should be dug at one end of the field, along with a fish ditch that is 1 to 1.5 meters wide and 80 cm deep leading to the main channel. Field ridges should be raised to 1 to 1.2 meters high. Water inlets and outlets must be set up to prevent fish from escaping. Ten to fifteen days before planting, 1,500 to 2,000 kg of compost and 30 to 50 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied per acre. Of this, 250 to 300 kg should be spread into the fish pit and ditch to cultivate natural food organisms. After plowing and mixing the soil 1 or 2 times, the field is ready for water drainage.
For raising leather beard carp, medium- to late-maturing varieties are recommended. Planting should begin when the temperature rises above 15°C in spring. Seedlings should be healthy, disease-free, with more than two nodes and a weight of at least 0.5 kg. The planting density is 20.5 m² per plant. Holes should be arranged in a staggered pattern, with the top buds facing each other and the edge buds turned inward. Each bud should be inserted diagonally downward at a depth of 8 to 12 cm, with the base slightly curved upward.
For scientific stocking and feeding, 60 to 70 kg of lime slurry per acre should be used 10 to 15 days before planting to disinfect the field. Overwintering fish should be stocked when the water temperature stabilizes between 18 to 20°C. For 8 to 10 cm fish, stock 800 to 1,000 per acre; for smaller fish (3 to 5 cm), stock 1,500 to 2,000 per acre. All fish should be of similar size to avoid cannibalism. Before stocking, fish should be dipped in a 2.5% saline solution mixed with 1 mg/L bleaching powder for 5 to 10 minutes. One month after stocking, small quantities of large oysters and breams can be introduced.
In addition to natural food sources like plankton, benthic organisms, and lotus pests, artificial feeding is also necessary. In the early stages, animal-based feeds such as fish, shrimp, snail meat, and organ meats are used, along with soybean cake, bran, rice husk, and duckweed. As the fish grow, the proportion of plant-based feed can be increased, or it can be mixed with animal-based feeds like fish meal, blood meal, and cocoon meal. Feeding should be done on a schedule, in fixed locations, with consistent quality and quantity. Feed 2 to 3 times daily using the "slow-fast-slow" and "less-more-less" methods. From June to September, when growth is rapid, feed 6% to 10% of the fish's body weight daily. At night, fluorescent lights can be used to attract bait.
Water management is crucial for both lotus roots and leather beard carp. During the growing season, the water level should be maintained above 30 cm, and new water should be added every 5 to 7 days. Maintain a water transparency of about 30 cm. When the fish start scarring, lower the water level appropriately. If feeding with animal-based foods like chicken intestines, change the water more frequently.
To prevent diseases, sprinkle 20 mg/L of quicklime every 10 to 15 days during feeding, and 1 mg/L of bleach once a month. Medications can also be mixed into the bait. For each kilogram of fish, use 0.1 to 0.2 g of sulfadiazine on the first day, halved over the next 2 to 6 days. Alternatively, administer 5 to 10 mL of antibiotics per kilogram of fish for five consecutive days.
Leather beard carp are tropical fish and will die if the water temperature drops below 7 to 8°C. They must be harvested and sold promptly. Fish can be caught by removing the large ones and leaving the small ones. At the final harvest, slowly drain the field so that the fish move into the fish pit, then drain the water and concentrate fishing. After harvesting, the fish should be kept in clean water for 3 to 4 days to remove mud and odor before being sold.
When the lotus leaves start to yellow, the lotus roots can be harvested. This integrated system not only maximizes land use but also enhances overall profitability and sustainability.
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