As the rainy season has officially begun, watermelon farmers should be on high alert. During the summer months, watermelon crops are particularly vulnerable to two major diseases: watermelon blight and anthracnose. These diseases can cause significant damage if not properly managed, so it's crucial for growers to implement preventive measures now.
Watermelon blight, also known as *Phytophthora infestans*, is commonly called the "death bug" and is a soil-borne fungal disease. It affects both seedlings and mature plants, but becomes most severe during the late growth stage, especially under high humidity and heavy rainfall. The disease thrives in warm, wet conditions, and with the early arrival of the rainy season, outbreaks are likely to occur earlier and spread more rapidly. The temperature range for disease development is between 5°C and 37°C.
Symptoms include dark green, water-soaked spots on leaves that quickly turn into necrotic lesions. When humidity is high, these lesions may appear as if they've been burned by boiling water. On the stems, the infection starts as dark green, water-soaked depressions that eventually rot, leading to plant wilting and death. On the fruit, the disease causes soft, water-soaked spots that expand rapidly, leading to rotting and a foul odor. A dense layer of mycelium often appears on the surface of infected areas.
To manage this disease, it's important to act early. Apply 50% mancozeb wettable powder diluted at 700–800 times, or 72.2% propamocarb hydrochloride at 800 times, or 64% fosetyl-aluminum at 500 times. Spray every 7–10 days, and repeat up to 3–4 times if needed. For better results, you can also apply the same solution directly to the roots, using 0.4–0.5 liters per plant. Combining foliar spray with root irrigation can significantly improve disease control.
Another common issue during the rainy season is watermelon anthracnose, which is primarily spread through infected seeds. Once the disease takes hold, it can spread via rainwater and irrigation, causing secondary infections. This disease is currently prevalent in many regions during the summer. Factors such as poor drainage, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, and poor air circulation increase the risk of severe outbreaks.
The symptoms of anthracnose begin with small, water-soaked spots on the leaves, often surrounded by yellowish halos. As the lesions develop, they become dark brown with concentric rings and tend to break easily when dry. On mature fruits, the spots appear as water-soaked, brown patches that may crack and rot under high humidity.
To prevent and control anthracnose, use 25% prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate diluted at 1000 times, or 50% chlorothalonil wettable powder at 1500 times. Regular spraying is essential, especially during periods of high moisture and frequent rainfall. Early intervention is key to minimizing losses and ensuring a healthy harvest.
Anti-Psychotics
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