Cotton is the primary cash crop on my farm, covering approximately 2000 hectares. During drought years, the average damage rate caused by cotton leafhoppers reaches around 25%, with some plots suffering up to 40% damage. From 2005 to 2007, our farm imported predatory mites from the Shipushi Station for three consecutive years to manage the cotton leafhopper infestation. The results were impressive, showing significant economic and ecological benefits.
The technical principle behind this method involves using predatory mites as natural enemies of the cotton leafhoppers. By preying on them, these mites help control pest populations without the need for chemical pesticides, making it a sustainable and effective strategy. Compared to traditional methods, this approach is safer for humans and animals, targets pests before they cause harm, and is cost-effective. It requires no special equipment or water, and the cost per 667 square meters is about half that of chemical control—between 10 to 15 yuan versus 20 to 30 yuan. Plus, it's less labor-intensive and more efficient.
To implement this strategy effectively, we planned the release of predatory mites in three stages based on the early occurrence and heavy damage pattern of the leafhoppers. The first batch was released between June 3-8, the second between June 9-15, and the third between June 16-21. We also focused on areas with poor cotton growth and dry land. Predatory mite bags were hung on the petioles of cotton leaves, with 6 bags per 667 square meters for prevention and up to 15 bags for moderate to severe infestations. No broad-spectrum insecticides were used during this period, and monitoring was conducted 5-7 days after release to assess effectiveness.
In terms of implementation, we emphasized regular pest monitoring, where technicians and field guards accurately assessed the number of infested plants. Based on this data, we determined whether to release the mites and followed a structured distribution plan. Additionally, we conducted training sessions during the winter through TV broadcasts and educational campaigns to raise awareness among workers.
The results were promising. After the release of predatory mites, the damage rate dropped significantly compared to chemical control. On June 23, the damage rate was 0% in mite-controlled plots, while chemically treated fields had a 42.3% damage rate. By June 28, the damage rate in predator-controlled areas remained at 0%, whereas in chemically treated areas it reached 40.7%.
Economically, using predatory mites saved us over 405,700 yuan in pesticide costs and reduced labor expenses by 16,900 yuan due to fewer sprayings. Over three years, 1,100 hectares of farmland saw a 12% increase in yield, producing an additional 186 tons of lint cotton and 87 tons of water. Total savings amounted to 3,182,840 yuan.
However, challenges remain. Predatory mites are hard to distinguish from eggs with the naked eye, and their slow action can lead to improper pesticide use by some farmers, worsening infestations. Some companies released mites inconsistently, resulting in limited impact. Also, transportation and storage facilities, such as pre-cooling systems, were not well-equipped.
To address these issues, we plan to intensify education and training, promote the benefits of biological control through various channels, and improve coordination in organizing releases. Better forecasting and large-scale application with unified management will ensure better results and maximize the impact of this eco-friendly method.
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