In spring, grapevines come to life with new growth, spreading leaves, and developing buds and flowers. For fruit growers, effective spring management is crucial for boosting both yield and quality. Here are some key practices to consider:
First, clear the vineyard. During winter pruning, remove all debris, dead branches, and pests from the area. This improves air circulation and sunlight exposure, which helps eliminate overwintering disease and pest problems.
Second, apply protective sprays. In spring, it's important to prevent diseases like gray mold, black rot, anthracnose, and leaf spot. Begin spraying once the vines have 3–5 leaves, and repeat every 7–10 days, especially after rain. Use products such as DuPont’s Revus at 8000 times dilution for black rot, or Kelp-1500 for gray mold. Other options include carbendazim (800x), mancozeb (800x), and zineb (800x). Also, keep the area free of weeds to reduce competition.
Third, manage watering and fertilization. Ensure the orchard is watered properly in early spring, but avoid overwatering to prevent cold soil that can slow root development. At this time, flower buds are still forming, and new shoots are growing, so a good nutrient supply is essential. Mix decomposed manure with 0.2% urea, applying about 15% of the annual fertilizer at this stage. After flowering, add 10 kg of urea per acre to support fruit development.
Fourth, thin out buds. After winter pruning, most buds on the mother vine will sprout, but too many can lead to weak growth and poor fruit set. Remove excess buds, leaving one per 15–20 cm, and 2–5 new shoots per vine. Aim for 5,000–5,500 shoots per mu, removing weak or shaded ones to promote balanced growth.
Fifth, perform topping. Cut above the 6th to 8th leaf, ensuring each leaf is around 8 cm in diameter. Adjust based on fruit size—larger varieties need fewer clusters, while smaller ones require more. Finally, use bags to protect the clusters for better quality and disease prevention.
By following these steps, you can ensure healthy growth, better fruit set, and higher-quality grapes by harvest time.
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