In late autumn, in the fields of Daejeon, three common issues were observed: crop lodging, stem fall, and stem folding. Each of these conditions affects the crops differently, leading to varying degrees of yield loss. When the stems merely tilt but remain intact, the plants often recover on their own once weather conditions improve. However, stem folding—where the stalk is broken—can be more serious, as it's difficult for the plant to recover naturally, and rescue efforts are limited. Root lodging, where the roots are lifted, causes the stems to bend and the leaves and ears to touch the ground. This leads to reduced water uptake, less sunlight exposure, and weaker photosynthesis, ultimately lowering yields and delaying maturity. Prompt action can help minimize these losses.
During the later growth stages of corn, root lodging is most common. The heavy upper portion of the plant makes it hard for the stalks to stand upright after a storm. Immediate intervention is crucial, as the longer the delay, the greater the yield reduction. When lifting the plants, the angle between the stem and the ground should be carefully controlled. Too straight an angle can cause further damage. Research has shown that an ideal angle for corn is between 30 and 50 degrees, and the sooner the plants are lifted, the better. At the same time, the roots should be properly reburied to support recovery.
For sorghum, the best approach is to bundle the plants immediately. Grouping three to five stalks together using their own leaves can help maintain an upright position without overlapping the heads. The bundles should be tied near the top of the plant, allowing each stalk to have some natural inclination. This helps prevent pressure on the spikes and keeps them open. It's important to minimize leaf damage during bundling, especially protecting the lower functional leaves near the ear. The earlier the intervention, the better, and it should not be delayed beyond two days.
If millet suffers root damage later in its growth cycle, the stems may lie flat on the ground, with dead roots and increased risk of disease, which reduces yield. Field tests showed that lifting the plants at a 60-degree angle the day after a storm improved yield by 25 kg per mu compared to raising them vertically. This method caused fewer wounds, allowed faster recovery, and led to higher yields. For lighter lodging cases, applying fertilizer and cultivating the soil can also help reduce production losses.
Overall, timely and proper post-storm care is essential to protect crop health and maximize yield potential. Whether through lifting, bundling, or supporting, each technique plays a key role in minimizing damage and ensuring a successful harvest.
API Products
An active substance is the main active ingredient in a drug. Take a simple aspirin for example. Acetyl salicylic acid is synthesized through chemical process and purified to a specified purity. The synthesis of acetyl salicylic acid is made by adding various excipients, such as fillers, adhesives, disintegrating agents, etc., and then pressing it into tablets. The production of apis is generally either pure chemical synthesis, biological fermentation, or semi-synthesis, with biological fermentation followed by extraction followed by synthesis. Not all pharmaceutical enterprises make API by themselves, and many manufacturers do not have the scale to produce API. Even if there is large-scale production, the cost of production may be much higher than that of procurement. Therefore, most manufacturers buy bulk drugs, and then make preparations, so that the production of drugs can be completed without a very large scale. At present, China and India have become the two largest API producers in the world. Many European and American pharmaceutical companies, even some of their own original drugs, will give up the production of API as the patent expires and the market matures, and turn to purchase apis from China and India,API production generally go through laboratory, generated through laboratory bottle container canister, taking after successful, pilot magnification, which is to enlarge the quantity of the production, then no problem tends to be faced with a lot of small scale experiment, a very simple example, the heating process, due to the relatively small amount in the laboratory, uneven heating cases is less, But if it is scaled up to a few tons of pot, at this time the heating may be not hot in this place, where the paste pot, at this time you need to stir, but the speed of mixing is appropriate, this process needs to calculate or grope. Finally from the pilot test, and then to the formal production, the volume of further amplification, and will face a lot of new problems. Therefore, although some drugs are generic, the research and development of the whole process from small test, pilot test to the final mass production is indispensable, so even generic drugs have very high research and development costs.
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