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**One: Papaya Outline**
The small red-fleshed papaya has gained popularity among consumers due to its unique sweet taste and health benefits, making it a favorite in both northern and southern regions of the country. Its consistent sales over the years highlight its market appeal. However, traditional varieties have long suffered from low yield and poor disease resistance, which increased production risks for farmers. To address these challenges, after years of research, Taiwan Yuyou Seedlings successfully developed a new variety of small red-fleshed papaya with a good appearance, stable yield, and high quality. This hybrid variety matures early, with a growing period of about 200 days after spring planting. It produces a high yield, with approximately 40% of the fruits shaped like Hexiang and 60% elongated. Each fruit weighs around 500–600 grams, with a sugar content reaching up to 13–16 degrees. The fruit also features a distinct aroma and excellent quality. Most notably, it shows strong resistance to viruses, with an average yield of over 2,200 kg per mu.
Papaya plants are generally classified into three types: female, male, and hermaphroditic. Female plants produce only female flowers and can bear fruit year-round, typically yielding the highest among the three types. Hermaphroditic plants have both male and female parts, producing fruit during spring and autumn. Some varieties, such as the daily-growing type, may outperform females, while others may yield less. Male plants produce only male flowers and do not bear fruit, so they have no economic value.
**Second: Key Points in Papaya Cultivation**
Papaya grows quickly, bears fruit early, and has high yields. However, its seedlings are tall and weak in stem structure, making them vulnerable to natural disasters. Therefore, proper site selection is crucial for successful cultivation.
When choosing a location for papaya farming, consider the following factors:
1. The ideal temperature range for papaya growth is 25–30°C. If the minimum daily temperature drops below 16°C, the plant may be damaged or even killed by frost.
2. Papaya roots are sensitive to waterlogging. After rain, choose well-drained land, preferably on raised beds. Drainage should be immediate to prevent root rot.
3. Papaya plants require frequent watering, especially in sandy soils, where irrigation every 5–7 days is recommended. Loamy soils can be watered every 10–15 days, so a reliable water source is essential.
4. The soil should be fertile, deep, and well-drained, ideally a sandy loam or gravelly loam with a pH between 6.0 and 6.5.
5. Choose a south-facing or southeast-facing slope with a gradient of less than 20° to ensure sufficient sunlight and reduce wind and cold damage.
6. Avoid continuous cropping. After harvesting, avoid replanting in the same area for at least three years to prevent stunted growth and pest problems.
7. Select high-quality seeds that are fully matured and free from hybrid degradation. Seeds should be stored in a cool, dry place (5–10°C) with low humidity (10–20%) to maintain viability.
8. Sowing is best done in August to November, when the weather is favorable. Use plug trays or nursery bags filled with a mix of sandy loam and organic fertilizer for healthy seedling development.
9. Prepare the field thoroughly before planting. Clear weeds, till the soil, create raised beds, and install drainage ditches. Cover the field with silver-black plastic film to retain moisture, control weeds, and improve soil temperature.
10. Plant spacing should be 2.5 meters apart in rows spaced 2 meters apart. For better pollination and fruit quality, plant two or three plants per hole in a triangular pattern. Remove female flowers when hermaphroditic plants start flowering to encourage better growth and ventilation.
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