Tree shaping and pruning is a crucial part of jujube cultivation, especially after the planting of Jinmei jujubes. This technique is an essential management practice that integrates soil, fertilizer, and water management, tailored to the growth characteristics of jujube trees and the local environmental conditions. Through proper pruning, growers can develop strong, well-structured trunks, maintain balanced fruiting branches, and ensure good air circulation and light penetration within the tree canopy. Pruning is typically divided into two main seasons: winter pruning, which occurs during the dormant period, and summer pruning, which takes place during the active growing season. Here are some common summer pruning techniques:
1. **Jujube Head Topping**: From May to July, when the new jujube head (non-elongating branch) is still tender, 2 to 4 secondary branches are retained, and the tip is cut off. This method encourages better flowering and fruiting.
2. **Bud Removal**: In early spring, any buds that have no potential for development are removed. This helps prevent unnecessary nutrient consumption and maintains the desired tree shape.
3. **Thinning**: Any new shoots that lack space or value should be removed promptly to improve overall tree structure and reduce competition among branches.
4. **Branch Training**: When new branches are not growing in the right direction or position, they can be gently guided to the desired angle and location while they are still flexible and green.
5. **Shoot Removal**: In addition to unwanted sprouts from the base, there may be many lateral shoots around the trunk that consume a lot of energy and hinder fruit production. These should be pruned regularly to maintain a clean and efficient tree structure.
By applying these pruning methods, growers can significantly improve tree health, increase yield, and enhance fruit quality. It's important to adjust the pruning strategy based on tree condition and seasonal changes for optimal results.
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