Tree shaping and pruning is a crucial part of the management process in Jinmei jujube cultivation. This technique is based on a comprehensive approach to soil, fertilizer, and water management, taking into account the growth characteristics of jujube trees and the local environmental conditions. Proper pruning helps develop strong, well-structured trunks, maintain effective fruiting branches, and create an open, well-ventilated tree structure that allows for better light penetration.
Pruning is typically divided into two main seasons: winter pruning, which takes place during the dormant period, and summer pruning, which occurs during the active growing season. Each type of pruning serves different purposes and plays a vital role in maintaining tree health and productivity. Here are some common summer pruning techniques:
1. **Jujube Head Topping**: From May to July, when the new jujube head (non-elongating branch) is still soft and not fully lignified, it's recommended to leave 2 to 4 secondary branches and cut off the tip. This practice encourages better fruiting and promotes the development of productive shoots.
2. **Bud Rubbing**: In early spring, any buds that don't have space to grow should be removed. This prevents unnecessary nutrient consumption and helps maintain the desired tree shape.
3. **Thinning**: Any new branches that lack development potential or practical use should be promptly removed to avoid overcrowding and improve air circulation.
4. **Branch Training**: When new branches are not growing in the right direction or position, they can be gently guided to the desired location while they're still tender and flexible. This helps shape the tree structure effectively.
5. **Shoot Removal**: In addition to sprouting eucalyptus, many lateral shoots or "plexiform" shoots often appear around the tree trunk. These shoots consume a lot of nutrients and hinder fruiting and overall tree management. They should be pruned regularly to ensure optimal growth and yield.
By implementing these pruning strategies, growers can significantly enhance the quality and quantity of their jujube harvests while ensuring long-term tree health and sustainability.
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