Potassium fertilizer plays a crucial role in boosting rice yields. When applied properly, it enhances photosynthesis, promotes the synthesis and accumulation of sugars, and strengthens plant resistance. Additionally, potassium improves root respiration, supports nitrogen uptake, and aids in protein synthesis, leading to healthier plants, higher yields, and more stable production. However, there are several key factors to consider when applying potassium fertilizer:
First, it's important to follow the "four more and four less" principle for optimal application. This means applying more potassium where the soil has lower levels and less where it's already sufficient. Early rice varieties generally require more potassium than late ones, while tall-stemmed rice needs more than dwarf types. Hybrid rice also benefits from higher potassium application compared to traditional varieties. Studies show that applying 7.5 to 10 kg of potassium chloride per mu can yield the best economic returns.
Second, the timing of potassium application is critical. The highest demand occurs during the high tillering and spikelet differentiation stages. It's best to apply potassium all at once during the tillering stage. If two applications are needed, the first should be at tillering and the second during spikelet differentiation.
Third, potassium should be used in combination with nitrogen to maximize its effectiveness. A balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium—preferably 1:0.5:1.2—ensures efficient nutrient use and better crop performance.
Lastly, it's important to consider the type of potassium fertilizer used. Potassium chloride and potassium sulfate are physiologically acidic fertilizers, which can lead to soil acidification over time. To counteract this, lime should be applied to neutralize the soil acidity, creating a more favorable environment for rice growth and long-term soil health.
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