**Yanhong Pest Control Plant Protection Technology Program**
Yanhong Peach, originally from Beijing, was introduced to the Danlu Yalong River in the 1980s. Thanks to favorable climatic conditions, it has been successfully cultivated in this area. The fruit is large in size, has an attractive color, high sugar content, and excellent quality. It ripens in early to mid-September, making it an ideal choice for the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival celebrations.
The growing region of Yanhong Peach not only supports its growth but also provides a suitable environment for various peach diseases and pests. These can lead to serious threats such as weak tree vigor, sparse fruiting, and infestations, which negatively impact the commercial value and sales of Yanhong Peach. By promoting new plant protection technologies based on advanced biotechnology, we aim to control pests and diseases effectively, improve the production and quality of pollution-free Yanhong Peach, and significantly increase farmers’ and distributors’ income. The goals include increasing production by 10%, achieving a total soluble sugar content of 12.8%, total acid of 0.20%, vitamin C of 8%, zero pesticide residues, and making it one of the best-selling brands globally.
This technology is also applicable to other fruit trees such as apples, pears, hawthorns, apricots, and jujubes to prevent peach fruit borer.
**First, Pest Control**
The most significant disease affecting Yanhong Peach is the Peach-Musking Moth (referred to as "Peach Little"). This pest only attacks the fruit. The first generation enters through the top or crest of the fruit, creating a black spot at the entry point and causing a slight indentation around the wound. Once inside, the larvae move under the skin and flesh, causing visible deformation of the fruit surface. The second generation attacks nearly mature fruits, typically without changing the fruit shape, but the flesh becomes filled with red-brown worm excrement, resembling "bean paste." Eventually, the moth creates a circular hole in the peel, and red-brown worms gather outside. Such infested fruits are less appealing to consumers, leading to a significant drop in market value.
In recent years, many farmers have relied on highly toxic pesticides, resulting in increasing resistance among the pests. The cost of pesticide application has risen, yet the pest problem remains unsolved. Pesticides not only hinder peach tree growth and reduce yield but also cause excessive residues in the fruit, harming the market. A feasible solution is to adopt a comprehensive treatment technology that combines biological control with agricultural and chemical methods.
**Agricultural Control**
From mid-May to mid-June, before the overwintering larvae emerge, remove 15 cm of soil within 1 meter of the tree base and replace it with new, clean soil. Alternatively, after removing the overwintering larvae, press 3.5–6.5 cm of new soil around the trunk. This helps kill larvae and pupae in the summer. Remove weeds and other coverings in the tree’s root zone. Additionally, for insects with a diameter of 2.5 mm, remove 15 cm of soil up to 1 meter deep from the trunk.
**Chemical Control**
Use 15% Le Sibu granules or 50% phoxim EC (500g) mixed with 30–50 pounds of fine soil. Evenly sprinkle the mixture under the tree and mix it into the soil using a rake. Apply once per mu. Phoxim should be applied twice. For ground spraying, use 48% Lothian EC diluted 300–500 times and spray the wet ground before the overwintering larvae emerge.
**Biological Control**
During the flowering period or the first fruit expansion, observe the field daily at 4–5 PM. When the moths are active, it's the mating phase of "Peach Little." At this time, apply bio-pesticides. Mix 0.3% azadirachtin at 1000 times dilution with Rubik’s Cube 2 at 1000 times dilution and spray. This method saves labor and costs while effectively controlling pests and promoting tree growth. Additionally, use "Peach Little" sex pheromones produced by Yingkou Tianyuan Industrial Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. From mid-May to mid-September, release 2–4 pheromone lures per mu. Place the lure 2 cm above the water surface and monitor daily. Replace the lure core monthly to predict the peak emergence and trap male moths. During the adult emergence period, spray the tree with 1000 times azadirachtin + 1000 times Rubik’s Cube 2 every 10–15 days for two consecutive sprays.
**Second, Disease Prevention**
**General Disease Prevention**
Common diseases of Yanhong Peach include rot disease, anthracnose, black spot, gray mold, and bacterial spot. Biological control methods include:
- **Infancy Period**: Spray 1000x seaweed extract + 1000x Rubik’s Cube 2 foliar spray every 10 days. This enhances the tree’s immunity against fungi, bacteria, and viruses, activates growth genes, increases fruit set rate and sugar content, and boosts yield by about 15%.
- **Harvest Period**: Spray 500x Rubik’s Cube 3, focusing on the fruit surface the day before harvesting. This improves fruit brightness and extends shelf life by 1–2 times, increasing preservation from one week to 2–3 weeks. Flavor and quality remain unchanged even after cold storage for 40–60 days.
**Difficult Disease Prevention and Treatment**
**(1) Root Cancer (Nodules)**
Prevention and treatment solutions include:
- Use "Magic Formula 1" and "Magic Formula 3" from Dalian Baoluo Marine Life Science Research and Development Center, along with other antibacterial agents.
- **Before planting**: Soak seedlings for 6 hours in 500x Rubik’s Cube + 1000x seaweed extract.
- **After planting**: Expose roots, cut off tumors, and treat wounds with 500x seaweed extract, 500x Rubik’s Cube 3, and 50x Magic 3. Cover with yellow mud and plastic film for 20 days.
**(2) Rickets**
Caused by potassium deficiency, viruses, bacteria, or insect damage. Treat by scraping diseased areas, then applying a mixture of seaweed extract, disinfectant, and Rubik’s Cube 3. Alternatively, use a loess mixture with seaweed extract and streptomycin, covered with yellow mud and plastic film.
**(3) Excessive Pesticide Residues**
Organophosphorus degradation solutions include:
- Seaweed extract + Atropine
- Biopterin
- Seaweed extract + Organic Phosphorus
- Seaweed extract + Biapozyme + Atropine
Apply these according to instructions, avoiding cross-contamination. Biapozyme is applied 2 hours after organic phosphorus or 2 hours before harvest. Atropine is used 1 hour before picking, dissolved and sprayed within 1 hour. Testing for organophosphorus residues is done by a qualified local inspection department.
**Seaweed Extract Usage and Mechanism**
Dilute seaweed extract 800–1000 times and spray every 7 days. It enhances disease resistance and promotes crop growth. Iodophors formed during spraying degrade organophosphorus by breaking down "iodine and phosphorus."
**Atropine Usage and Mechanism**
Available at pharmacies, it acts as an antidote to organophosphorus. Use 2 tablets per square meter (33m²), mashed and dissolved in water, then sprayed with seaweed extract.
**Biopterin Usage and Mechanism**
Rotate the enzyme powder in the direction indicated on the packaging. Dissolve in enhanced diluent and spray onto foliage. It degrades the phosphoenzyme chain, detoxifying highly toxic components and converting them into non-toxic, water-soluble molecules.
**Precautions**
1. Seaweed extract and atropine can be mixed.
2. Biafilase must be used alone.
3. Anti-drug medications should be applied 2 hours before sunrise or after sunset.
**Third, Cost per Acre**
- Seaweed Extract: 40 yuan
- Rubik’s Cube: 40 yuan
- Rubik’s Cube 3: 40 yuan
- Azadirachtin: 40 yuan
- Other biological pesticides and organic fertilizer: 20 yuan
**Total: 180 yuan per mu**
**Fourth, Project Technical Support**
1. Say Shuqi, President of "New Agriculture" magazine
2. Liu Fujing, Researcher at Paladin National Academy of Sciences and Manager of Dalian Baolubao Marine Life Science R&D Center
3. China Biopesticidal Network
4. Dalian Plant Protection Station
5. Dalian Soil Fertilizer Station
6. Biological pesticide suppliers:
- Dalian Baoluo Marine Life Sciences R&D Center
- Chengdu Green Gold High-tech Co., Ltd.
- Henan Luohe Fengda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
**Fifth, High-tech Involved in This Project**
1. Shell Sugar Amine Disease Resistance Enhancer – Dalian Baolubao Marine Life Sciences R&D Center (Leading domestic)
2. Seaweed Extract Immunomodulator – Dalian Baolubao Marine Life Sciences R&D Center (World-leading)
3. Chito-Oligosaccharide Citrate Callus – Dalian Baolubao Marine Life Sciences R&D Center (World-leading)
4. Bioactive Organic Iodine – Dalian Baolubao Marine Life Sciences R&D Center (World-leading)
5. Induced Marine Bio-Pesticides and Organic Fertilizers – Dalian Baolubao Marine Life Sciences R&D Center (National Spark Program 2006, Dalian Agricultural New Technology Promotion Project)
**Dalian Baolubao Marine Life Sciences R&D Center Co., Ltd.**
April 17, 2008
Address: Building 498-2 Zhang Qian Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian City
Phone/Fax: [Not provided]
Website: [Not provided]
Email: [Not provided]
Postal Code: 116033
solubility H2O: 50 mg/mL
form powder
color Dark cream powder
Odor Odorless
PH 6.5-7.5 (2% in H2O)
Water Solubility Soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol.
Sensitive Moisture Sensitive & Hygroscopic
EPA Substance Registry System Peptones (73049-73-7)
Peptone,Yeast extract,L-Glutamine,L-tryptophan,L-alanine,L-aspartic acid,L-methionine,L-threonine,Xanthan gum,Gellan gum,Bovine,serum albumin,Trishydroxymethylaminomethane,IPTG,Sodium pyruvate
Peptone Basic Information
CAS: 73049-73-7
MF: C13H24O4
MW: 244.32726
EINECS: 615-895-9
Mol File: 73049-73-7.mol
Peptone Structure
solubility H2O: 50 mg/mL
form powder
color Dark cream powder
Odor Odorless
PH 6.5-7.5 (2% in H2O)
Water Solubility Soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol.
Sensitive Moisture Sensitive & Hygroscopic
EPA Substance Registry System Peptones (73049-73-7)
Peptone,Yeast Extract,L-Glutamine,L-Tryptophan,L-Alanine,L-Aspartic Acid,L-Methionine,L-Threonine,Xanthan Gum,Gellan Gum,Bovine,Serum Albumin,Tris Hydroxymethyl Aminomethane,Iptg,Sodium Pyruvate
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