2. After the site preparation was completed, between October and November, the land was deeply turned about 20cm to remove the gravel and weeds and make it weathered and matured. The growth period of Pinellia is short, and the basal fertilizer plays an important role in it. In combination with the site preparation, the per mus of fermented good manure or compost 2000kg, superphosphate 50kg, and turned into the soil as base fertilizer. Before sowing, plow and plow again, and then straighten out and level off. Take a 1.3m wide squat, 40cm wide.
Third, the chemical seed dressing artificial cultivation of Pinellia's pests to prevent the main treatment supplement, once found that pests and diseases occur, the treatment is quite troublesome, not only affects the growth of Pinellia, while prone to produce pesticide residues, increased costs. Therefore, the treatment of seedlings prior to sowing is very important. Careful selection of drugs, dosages and methods must not be considered carelessness and carelessness.
Four, germination and germination and mulching film not only make the emergence of Pinellia early, an increase of more than 30 days of the growing period, but also to maintain the loose state of soil preparation, promote root growth, so that the root length of Pinellia, roots, Improve the ability to resist drought and fall seedlings.
V. Planting
1. Time for planting: The planting time varies from region to region. In the Huanghuai region, the rainwater is most suitable for planting to convulsions. The southern region without frost damage can be cultivated in winter. The planting time in the northwest region can be postponed appropriately. In short, timely sowing and effective measures can make Pinellia stalks grow and grow in the soil. The bead buds formed in the soil are large, and can quickly take root to form a new plant with high yield.
2, planting methods: in the flattening of the surface of the preparation of a wide-surface broadcast ditch broadcast. Separately sowed the stems of different sizes, the first planting stem row spacing is relatively dilute, sowing is deeper; by analogy, the fourth stem spacing is thicker and the planting is shallower. After sowing, a layer of mixed soil is applied on the top, and the mixture of rotten compost and beryllium fertilizer plus human and animal manure and turfgrass ash is evenly mixed. Finally, the soil is less than the ground. (Also it can use realistic new technology to achieve half-time sowing, once completed, can increase efficiency by 80%)
3, spraying herbicides: due to more weeds during the growth of Pinellia, especially in the seedling stage, often see the Pinellia rare grass, so after the Pinellia sowing is completed, immediately spray Pinellia special herbicide, and immediately Covered with plastic film, it can effectively control the damage of weeds, especially the control effect of grass weeds up to 100%
4. Covering the plastic film: Immediately after spraying the herbicide, cover the plastic film. The used plastic film can be ordinary agricultural plastic film (0.014mm thick) or high-density plastic film (0.008mm). The width of the plastic film depends on the width and width of the concrete. Cover three-piece film, first from the outside of the two sides of the cocoon each open a deep groove of about 8cm, the same depth, one person film, two people at the same time on both sides to tighten the film, after the formation of the film side pressure in the trench , Evenly force the membrane to lie flat against the cocoon and compact it with soil.
Six, field management
1, peel off the film: Pinellia after emergence, until the seedling height of 2 ~ 3cm, should be timely "breaking membrane seedlings", or after the emergence of the seedlings peeled off the film to prevent the film temperature is too high, bake injury seedlings.
2, cultivating loose soil: Pinellia plant short, during the growing season we must often weed the weeding to avoid grass shortage. At the same time, the cultivator can also remove the soil compaction, increase the permeability of the soil, and it is very beneficial to the growth of Pinellia. The depth of cultivator should not exceed 5cm, so as to avoid injury.
3, removal of buds: In order to make nutrients concentrated in underground tubers, promote the growth of tubers, beneficial to increase production, in addition to leaving the species, the buds should be removed in batches.
4, water and fertilizer management: Pinellia wet and afraid of drought, regardless of the use of live or interplanting, before sowing should be poured once permeable to facilitate emergence. It should not be poured before and after emergence to avoid lowering the temperature. Before and after the beginning of summer, the weather is getting hotter, and the growth of the Pinellia is accelerating. When the drought is not raining, it can be properly watered according to the public opinion. Loose soil after pouring. Before and after the summer solstice, the temperature gradually increased and watered once in 7 to 10 days during the drought. After the summer heat, the temperature is getting lower and the amount of watering should be gradually reduced. It is often the case that the cultivated environment is kept cool and moist, which can prolong the growth period of Pinellia sinensis, reduce the down seedlings, favor photosynthesis, and accumulate more dry matter. Therefore, strengthening water and fertilizer management is the key to increasing production in Pinellia. In addition to the base fertilizer, the top dressing was grown 4 times. For the first time in the first half of April, after the seedlings were established, 1,000 kg of livestock and manure water was applied per acre; the second time was in the bud formation period in late May, 2000 kg of livestock and manure water was applied per acre; the third time in August. After the emergence of the seedlings, when the bark exposed new shoots, when the parent emerged from the Pinellia to regenerate new roots, it was poured with 1:10 faecal water, once every half-month, gradually emerged after the autumn; the fourth time in early September, Pinellia whole seedlings Qimiao, per acre applied into the cooked cake fertilizer 25kg, superphosphate 20kg, urea 10kg. Often pouring thin people livestock dung water, help keep the soil moist, promote Pinellia growth, play a role in increasing production. If it is clear and rainy, it should be timely filled with water. If there is too much rain, it should be drained in time to avoid stagnant tuber rot.
5. Earthing: Pearl buds can take root and germinate in the earth. Between June and August, mature buds and seeds fall on the ground one after another. At this time, earth is to be soiled, and fine soil is spread evenly on the surface of the earth. Thick about 1 ~ 2cm. No rain after top dressing, soil should be promptly watered. In general, it should be cultivated twice in the moor to the summer, so that the new strain will germinate. After the second earthing, a small ditch should be established between the rows. During the middle and late growth stages of Pinellia ternate, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or triacontanol was sprayed once a day for 10 days, which had a certain effect on the yield increase.
Seven, plan processing
1, timely planing: Pinellia harvest time has a great impact on production and product quality. Timely harvesting, processing easy peeling, dry fast, commercial color powder foot, high dry rate. Plane collection is too early and the powder quality is insufficient, affecting production. Late harvesting is not only difficult to peeling, slow drying, and the starch in the tuber has been decomposed, and the processed products are poor in powdery and non-white in color, easy to produce “zombies†(keratinized) with poor quality and lower yield. After the seedlings are ploughed, the workmanship costs more than three times. According to the research results of the artificial cultivation Pinellia ternata cultivated by the Institute of Chinese Traditional Medicine of Heze City in Shandong Province for many years, the best planing period of Pinellia ternata should be reduced below 13 degrees in autumn, and the plan should be appropriate when the leaves begin to turn yellow and green; The temperature of 13 degrees in the region is just before and after the “equinoxesâ€; the Yangtze River basin should be postponed appropriately according to the temperature difference; the temperatures in the northeast are low, and it is necessary to appropriately plan ahead.
2, planing method: At the time of harvesting, if the soil moisture is too large, the tubers and the soil can be firstly planed and loosened, so that the water in the soil can be evaporate quickly and the soil can be dried as soon as possible so as to facilitate planing. When harvesting, from the end of the head, use a claw fishing or shovel to turn the whole tree leaf in the Pinellia side and carefully pick out the tubers. The buds that fell on the ground after the seedlings were planted should be picked before they were picked. The dead leaves and debris left behind after harvesting should be detected and burned to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases in the next year.
3. Processing techniques: (1) Fermentation: The harvested fresh Pinellia Tubers are piled indoors, with a thickness of 50 cm and stacked for 15 to 20 days. The inspection found that the Pinellia outer skin was slightly rotted and the skin was easy to fall off by hand. (2) Peeling: The fermented Pinellia tubers are sieved out of large, medium and small grades. A small quantity can be peeled manually. The method is to put the Pinellia tubers into woven bags or other containers. After washing, the rubber boots should be stepped on or stepped back and forth repeatedly by hand for 10 minutes and poured into the sieve. Drifting and slicing, picking it out, and picking it up until it's all gone to the net. If the larger tubers are peeled off, the bottom (commonly known as the "backward fontanelle") still has a small round transparent "dumplings", the amount can be peeled off with less hand, and the quantity is more then bagged and dumped until the tubers of Pinellia are all Pure white so far. The larger area of ​​the Banxia base can be mechanically peeled. (3) Drying: Pinellia after peeling needs immediate drying, the best sun exposure, and constantly turning, at night to recover the flat dry in the room, the next day and then remove the sun to dry, become a commodity. If the number of Pinellia is relatively large, it is better to build a drying room. With the peeling, with the drying, not affected by the weather, the quality of the processed Pinellia products is better.
Institute of Chinese Medicine, Runkang, Heze City, Shandong Province Li Hongjun, Li Lei Address: No.129, Mudan North Road, Heze City, Shandong Province, China Postcode: 274000
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