The leek is a perennial, perennial plant with unique flavor, spicy taste, and rich nutrition. It can be supplied throughout the year. It plays an important role in enriching the varieties of vegetables, satisfying consumer demands and increasing the income of the people. Its high yield and quality cultivation techniques are as follows.
First, select good varieties should choose leaf hypertrophy, pseudo-stem thicker, higher yield of the big name cicada; leaves upright, dark green leaves, fibers less, late twitching, better quality horse lick; more labor, stupid stem stout , Leaf hypertrophy, Strong cold tolerance, High yield Hanzhong winter pods, cold-tolerant, early vegetable return, strong tiller, wide stem diameter, single red (9-1), fresh green color, early germination The 791 shamrock with leaf hypertrophy, cold-resistance and regenerative ability; stands erect, grows rapidly, has strong tillering ability, and is resistant to cold, disease-resistant, and green leaves of Saiqing, etc., and can be selected in various places.
Second, nurture strong seedlings
1. The seeding season in North China is more than in the spring and early April. The local temperature stability is sown at 10-12°C.
2. The seedbed is prepared to be loose and fertile, and drainage and irrigation are convenient. In the past 3 years, the onion and garlic plots have not been planted. After the harvest is completed, 500 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu, and 50-60 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied. Fine, full width 1.6-2 meters, 8-10 meters long flat.
3. Seed treatment to promote after-ripening, increase the germination rate, sowing before sowing 2-3 days. After soaking, soaking in warm water of 40°C for 24 hours, remove and wash and drain, and put it in a wet cloth to release germination at 20-25°C. About 3 days, 80% of the seeds can be sown with whitening.
4. The appropriate density for planting per square meter of seedlings is 1,600 plants. About 10 grams of planting seedlings will be planted at an area of ​​80% of the actual planting area and about 5 kg per acre will be planted. Breeding seedlings, can be planted twice the seedbed.
5. Seeding method sowing foot water before sowing, thin layers of fine soil after water infiltration, so as to avoid seeding mud, affecting breathing, and then evenly spread the seeds into the seedbed, sowing 1.5 cm after sowing, the second largest Cover fine soil 1 cm, so that the upper and lower layers of the soil capillary will not connect, but also to maintain the loose topsoil moist, conducive to seedlings unearthed.
6. Seedling management after emergence, keep the soil moist, when the seedling height 4-6 centimeters, timely watering, watering once every 5-6 days, when the seedling height 10 centimeters, per acre with water flushing urea 10 kg. When the seedling height is 15-20 centimeters, 10 kg of urea should be applied again, which means that the seedlings should be planted and promoted to coordinate growth on the ground floor. Pay attention to the prevention of pests and weeds.
Third, colonization
1. Planting period When the plant height grows to 20 cm or when seedlings are found to be congested, planting must be carried out. Generally, the planting standard is reached within 50-60 days after emergence. Colonization can not be later than in early July, otherwise it could not escape the high temperature and rain in July and August, and it is unfavorable for the seedlings to survive.
2. After fertilization before soil preparation, 4,000-5,000 kilograms of high-quality soil-fertilizer should be applied per acre, deep plowing 25-30 centimeters, plutonium fine, full width 1.6-2 meters, and flat 20-25 meters long.
3. Properly planting a suitable row spacing of 20-25 cm, pier spacing of about 15 cm, about 25 per pot seedlings. The pier spacing can also be shortened appropriately, and the number of seedlings per mound is reduced accordingly. It is advisable to maintain about 800 plants per m2.
4. Method of planting Seedlings should be planted along with the plane, do not pile up for a long time, after shaved seedlings, cut the roots of the fibrous roots, leaving only 2-3 cm, and then cut the tip of the blade to reduce the leaf surface evaporation. According to the planned pier digging or digging, planting seedlings per hole, bulbs should be homogeneous, the strains should be compact. Bulbs buried in the top of the soil 3-4 cm, too deep growth is not prosperous, too shallow rooting too fast. Earthworms are compacted with soil around the pier.
Fourth, Daejeon Management
1. Management in the year of planting to ensure survival of seedlings and watering immediately after planting. To the emergence of new leaves, when new roots occur, 25-30 kg of urea is applied per acre. Pay attention to drainage and remove weeds during the rainy season. In mid-August, 200 kilograms of cake fertilizer per mu or 1000-1500 kilograms of cooked manure was used. The loam should be mixed and watered immediately. It will be poured 5-6 days later. In mid-September, 25-30 kilograms of urea or 50-60 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer were recovered per mu, keeping the soil dry and wet. Before freezing the soil, pour enough frozen water to facilitate the sprouting of winter and late spring buds.
2. After the second year of management of the leek grows up to 2 years later, the management method is slightly the same. In early spring, in order to raise the temperature of the soil and promote germination, the dead leaves and weeds on the surface are removed. In order to prolong the life of leeks and promote the development of new roots, 2-3 cm thick new soil should be spread on the surface of the leeks, and at the same time, 2000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer should be applied per mu. After the sprouts are unearthed, pour the water from the livestock and manure once and water the seedlings 15-18 cm high. To 2-3 days after harvest, fertilize again and apply 30 kg of urea per acre for each harvest. In summer, it is necessary to pay attention to drainage, but also to strengthen ventilation. Autumn is a period of vigorous growth of leeks, strengthening the management of fertilizer and water. About 50 days before the local leeks wilted, they stop harvesting, naturally wither, and transfer the nutrients to the roots, laying a good foundation for the healthy growth of leeks and leeks.
V. Pests, diseases, and weeds The main diseases for prevention and control are downy mildew, gray mold, and epidemic diseases. It can be controlled by carbendazim, phospha-aluminum, metalaxyl, cream, epiphyte, gypsum, and gram.
Insect pests mainly include cockroaches, thrips, moths, and leaf miners. Dimethoate, phoxim, dichlorvos, adriamycin, and pyrethroids can be used for prevention and treatment.
Weeds focus on annual and perennial weed damage. Pre-emergence herbicides were 33% herbicide-passed, 48% dean, and 50% paracetamol. Seedling herbicides include 48% trifluralin, 25% herbicide ether, and 50% liguron. Before using herbicides, read the instructions carefully to prevent phytotoxicity.
Sixth, harvest
1. During the harvest period, the leaves grew vigorously and was the main harvest period. In summer, it is hot and rainy, and its quality deteriorates. The autumn leaves once again thrive and there is another harvest period. If protected cultivation is implemented, the market can also be supplied in winter.
2. The number of harvesting is usually 5 or 6 times in 1 year. If the conditions are good and the water is good, it can be harvested 7 or 8 times. General mu production 4000-500O kg, high yield up to 7000-8000 kg. 5 years is a harvest cycle.
3. Harvesting method When the seedling height is about 35 centimeters, it can be harvested when the growth period is 20-25. Affecting production too early, affecting quality too late. Harvest time should be sunny morning. Because the meristem is at the base of the leaf sheath, it usually leaves 2-3 centimeters. Too low will damage the meristem and shoots.
First, select good varieties should choose leaf hypertrophy, pseudo-stem thicker, higher yield of the big name cicada; leaves upright, dark green leaves, fibers less, late twitching, better quality horse lick; more labor, stupid stem stout , Leaf hypertrophy, Strong cold tolerance, High yield Hanzhong winter pods, cold-tolerant, early vegetable return, strong tiller, wide stem diameter, single red (9-1), fresh green color, early germination The 791 shamrock with leaf hypertrophy, cold-resistance and regenerative ability; stands erect, grows rapidly, has strong tillering ability, and is resistant to cold, disease-resistant, and green leaves of Saiqing, etc., and can be selected in various places.
Second, nurture strong seedlings
1. The seeding season in North China is more than in the spring and early April. The local temperature stability is sown at 10-12°C.
2. The seedbed is prepared to be loose and fertile, and drainage and irrigation are convenient. In the past 3 years, the onion and garlic plots have not been planted. After the harvest is completed, 500 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu, and 50-60 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied. Fine, full width 1.6-2 meters, 8-10 meters long flat.
3. Seed treatment to promote after-ripening, increase the germination rate, sowing before sowing 2-3 days. After soaking, soaking in warm water of 40°C for 24 hours, remove and wash and drain, and put it in a wet cloth to release germination at 20-25°C. About 3 days, 80% of the seeds can be sown with whitening.
4. The appropriate density for planting per square meter of seedlings is 1,600 plants. About 10 grams of planting seedlings will be planted at an area of ​​80% of the actual planting area and about 5 kg per acre will be planted. Breeding seedlings, can be planted twice the seedbed.
5. Seeding method sowing foot water before sowing, thin layers of fine soil after water infiltration, so as to avoid seeding mud, affecting breathing, and then evenly spread the seeds into the seedbed, sowing 1.5 cm after sowing, the second largest Cover fine soil 1 cm, so that the upper and lower layers of the soil capillary will not connect, but also to maintain the loose topsoil moist, conducive to seedlings unearthed.
6. Seedling management after emergence, keep the soil moist, when the seedling height 4-6 centimeters, timely watering, watering once every 5-6 days, when the seedling height 10 centimeters, per acre with water flushing urea 10 kg. When the seedling height is 15-20 centimeters, 10 kg of urea should be applied again, which means that the seedlings should be planted and promoted to coordinate growth on the ground floor. Pay attention to the prevention of pests and weeds.
Third, colonization
1. Planting period When the plant height grows to 20 cm or when seedlings are found to be congested, planting must be carried out. Generally, the planting standard is reached within 50-60 days after emergence. Colonization can not be later than in early July, otherwise it could not escape the high temperature and rain in July and August, and it is unfavorable for the seedlings to survive.
2. After fertilization before soil preparation, 4,000-5,000 kilograms of high-quality soil-fertilizer should be applied per acre, deep plowing 25-30 centimeters, plutonium fine, full width 1.6-2 meters, and flat 20-25 meters long.
3. Properly planting a suitable row spacing of 20-25 cm, pier spacing of about 15 cm, about 25 per pot seedlings. The pier spacing can also be shortened appropriately, and the number of seedlings per mound is reduced accordingly. It is advisable to maintain about 800 plants per m2.
4. Method of planting Seedlings should be planted along with the plane, do not pile up for a long time, after shaved seedlings, cut the roots of the fibrous roots, leaving only 2-3 cm, and then cut the tip of the blade to reduce the leaf surface evaporation. According to the planned pier digging or digging, planting seedlings per hole, bulbs should be homogeneous, the strains should be compact. Bulbs buried in the top of the soil 3-4 cm, too deep growth is not prosperous, too shallow rooting too fast. Earthworms are compacted with soil around the pier.
Fourth, Daejeon Management
1. Management in the year of planting to ensure survival of seedlings and watering immediately after planting. To the emergence of new leaves, when new roots occur, 25-30 kg of urea is applied per acre. Pay attention to drainage and remove weeds during the rainy season. In mid-August, 200 kilograms of cake fertilizer per mu or 1000-1500 kilograms of cooked manure was used. The loam should be mixed and watered immediately. It will be poured 5-6 days later. In mid-September, 25-30 kilograms of urea or 50-60 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer were recovered per mu, keeping the soil dry and wet. Before freezing the soil, pour enough frozen water to facilitate the sprouting of winter and late spring buds.
2. After the second year of management of the leek grows up to 2 years later, the management method is slightly the same. In early spring, in order to raise the temperature of the soil and promote germination, the dead leaves and weeds on the surface are removed. In order to prolong the life of leeks and promote the development of new roots, 2-3 cm thick new soil should be spread on the surface of the leeks, and at the same time, 2000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer should be applied per mu. After the sprouts are unearthed, pour the water from the livestock and manure once and water the seedlings 15-18 cm high. To 2-3 days after harvest, fertilize again and apply 30 kg of urea per acre for each harvest. In summer, it is necessary to pay attention to drainage, but also to strengthen ventilation. Autumn is a period of vigorous growth of leeks, strengthening the management of fertilizer and water. About 50 days before the local leeks wilted, they stop harvesting, naturally wither, and transfer the nutrients to the roots, laying a good foundation for the healthy growth of leeks and leeks.
V. Pests, diseases, and weeds The main diseases for prevention and control are downy mildew, gray mold, and epidemic diseases. It can be controlled by carbendazim, phospha-aluminum, metalaxyl, cream, epiphyte, gypsum, and gram.
Insect pests mainly include cockroaches, thrips, moths, and leaf miners. Dimethoate, phoxim, dichlorvos, adriamycin, and pyrethroids can be used for prevention and treatment.
Weeds focus on annual and perennial weed damage. Pre-emergence herbicides were 33% herbicide-passed, 48% dean, and 50% paracetamol. Seedling herbicides include 48% trifluralin, 25% herbicide ether, and 50% liguron. Before using herbicides, read the instructions carefully to prevent phytotoxicity.
Sixth, harvest
1. During the harvest period, the leaves grew vigorously and was the main harvest period. In summer, it is hot and rainy, and its quality deteriorates. The autumn leaves once again thrive and there is another harvest period. If protected cultivation is implemented, the market can also be supplied in winter.
2. The number of harvesting is usually 5 or 6 times in 1 year. If the conditions are good and the water is good, it can be harvested 7 or 8 times. General mu production 4000-500O kg, high yield up to 7000-8000 kg. 5 years is a harvest cycle.
3. Harvesting method When the seedling height is about 35 centimeters, it can be harvested when the growth period is 20-25. Affecting production too early, affecting quality too late. Harvest time should be sunny morning. Because the meristem is at the base of the leaf sheath, it usually leaves 2-3 centimeters. Too low will damage the meristem and shoots.
Natural Coix Seed Extract,Pure Coix Seed Extract,Jobstears Seed Extract,Coix Seed Extract
NANJING ZELANG MEDICAL TECHONOLOGY CO., LTD , https://www.hawfitness.com