The performance of artificial liquid fuels is the same as that of gasoline and diesel oil obtained from fractionation of oil, and can be used as fuel for gasoline and tractors. The production of raw oil tea and tung oil has a large number of dried cakes and husks, and there are also many kinds of oily feet and turpentine residues. Taking full advantage of these raw materials, it plays an important role in solving rural energy and increasing economic returns. The equipment and methods for manufacturing artificial liquid fuels are relatively simple and suitable for rural production.
First, raw material processing
1. Processing of oil cake raw materials: The oil cake raw materials mainly include dried cakes such as camellia, tung tree, and cypress, and fruit shells. Before drying, the raw materials should be dried, crushed (small pieces), and impurities such as stones should be removed and piled separately. Dry place.
2. Oil foot material processing: First, heat the oil foot in an iron pan and heat it to 130°C. After the oil boils and the water evaporates, press the oil foot in a ratio of 50 kg and 15 kg to pour lime (while stirring) Pour lime, do not cause it to clump). Use a wooden stick to stir up the oil and find that when the oil is condensed into a filament (the wire falls on the ground and can be broken), remove it and pour it on a wooden board, and condense it into a solid and then use it. .
3. Resin residue treatment: The rosin residue needs to remove impurities such as stones, vegetation, etc. Since the residue contains volatile oil, do not bring it into the pyrotechnic treatment, nor can it put the slag on the side of the pot.
Second, dry distillation
1. Dry distillation equipment: There are mainly three parts: the retorting pot, the condenser and the liquid barrel. The retorting pot can be made of cooked iron skin. It can also be replaced by the gasoline barrel. The diameter of the pot is 80 cm, the length is 122 cm, and the thickness is 0.3 cm. There is an air pipe, the inlet is in the upper front of the pot, oval, long diameter 30 cm, short diameter 20 cm, there are 4 screw holes and 2 oval splints slightly larger than the pot, turn the screw to close the pot mouth. Condenser tubes and catheters can be made from tap water (preferably copper, aluminum tubes). When the condensing tube is hovered, it can be used as a catheter only if it leaves about 40 cm at the tail. Condensation barrels are available in barrels, both 80 cm in diameter and height, with 2 nozzles, approximately 5 cm in diameter, and a bamboo tube. The liquid barrels can be made of common zinc and iron skins, with a diameter of 30 cm and a height of 40 cm. There are small holes on the upper and lower sides, and the hoses are connected on top. After the above equipment is ready, it can be installed. During the installation, the dry pan and the condensing part are placed in the other room through the catheter through the wall so as not to be close to the danger of the fire.
2. Retorting method: First check the dry distillation equipment for leaks, then place the treated cake into the pot, which is about half the volume of the container. Close the material after discharge, ignition dry distillation. White gas is emitted at the beginning, and the liquid flows out at around 100°C. At this time, the fire is smaller, so as to avoid the explosion of the steam. When yellow smoke is produced in the pan, a large amount of oil starts to be emitted, and when the smoke turns blue and no oil flows out, the flame can be extinguished. Generally about 5-6 hours per pot firing time, the dry distillation of the liquid is black sticky, with burnt smell and petrol smell, this kind of liquid is crude oil.
Third, crude oil cracking
1. Crude oil cracking of oil cakes: mix and mix thoroughly with 50 kg of crude oil (crude oil from oil cake) and 15 kg of pure lime, then pour into the pot (about 40% of the volume of the pot container) and close the pot. Mouth; then put the cold water into the condensate bucket, hold the liquid barrel under the catheter, check the device for no leakage, and then ignite. The fire should be uniform and keep the pot temperature 300 - 400 °C. The crude oil in the pan is thermally decomposed into hydrocarbon analogs, and irritating gas escapes (flammable gas). The oil flowing out of the catheter is crude oil (dark brown).
2. Cracking of oil foot calcium soaps: The method is basically the same as the oil cracking of oil cakes. Because the crude oil contains water and the fire is fired for half an hour, the oil in the pot boils, and the fire must be reduced. Otherwise, the oil will block the air pipe and cause an explosion. When the oil in the pot boils, you can use your fingers to tap the front of the pot to determine where the oil is full. If it is determined that the oil reaches two-thirds of the pot, it should be annealed immediately. When the boiling oil falls to the original place, the water in the oil foot has evaporated completely, and then continue to increase the fire, so as to avoid obstruction of the airway tube. To immediately anneal, after the temperature drops, remove the tube and install the ignition. When the yellow smoke generated in the pot stops, it is proved that the cracking is completed and the fire can be stopped. 3. Cracking of turpentine residue: Put the turpentine residue in the pot first, and cover it with lime (12.5 kg of lime per 50 kg of residue), and feed it to the inner volume of the pot by two-thirds to close the feed. Igniting. The temperature of the fire is higher than the cracking of the crude oil until it is extinguished when no oil flows out.
4. Crude oil fractionation is done with crude oil, which requires fractionation to obtain gasoline, kerosene and diesel.
1. Fractionation equipment: The fractionation equipment and installation are basically the same as the retorting equipment, except that the names and specifications are slightly different. The fractionation pan is made of wrought iron and has a diameter of 50 cm, a length of 110 cm and a thickness of 0.75 cm. The pot is provided with a feed inlet, a gas guide tube, a thermometer, a pot opening at the front of the pot, and a discharge port under the pot. The inlet is in the upper part of the rear end of the pot, with a diameter of 6 cm and a height of 10 cm. Rotate it with a screw cap and a switch. The outlet is at the lower part of the front end of the pan, 3 cm in diameter and 10 cm in length, with a switch. The thermometer is preferably made of copper tubing with a specification of 400°C and is mounted 10 cm above the pot top. Other devices such as condensers, catheters, and condensate barrels are all the same as the retorting equipment.
2. Fractionation method: The prepared crude oil is placed in a fractionation pot, and after each pot is loaded with about 100 kilograms, the material is closed and the material is ignited. Fire should be even. When the temperature reaches 80 -150 °C when the outflow of gasoline, 150 -200 °C kerosene, respectively, dress. The black viscous liquid that remains in the pan is diesel and is removed from the discharge opening when the temperature drops. Dried cakes include rapeseed, peanuts, sesame, ramie, beans, cottonseed, rice bran, corn, pepper, olive, Xanthoceras, coconut, and other oil crops and wild oil plants. . Husk refers to the peeled shells of all crops (fruit shells of oil plants) such as rapeseed, tung seeds, etc. Oil foot refers to all vegetable oils, edible oil or slag feet that have been filtered out under industrial oils.
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