Paclobutrazol is a growth inhibitor commonly used in the production of peach trees and has the effect of promoting early peach fruit production. The mechanism of action is to inhibit the synthesis of auxin and increase the production of ethylene, so that the plant can shift from vegetative growth to reproductive growth as soon as possible, forming flower buds, reducing long branches, increasing short shoots, and increasing the amount of protein and nucleic acid in the leaf cells. Transpiration. However, it was found in production that paclobutrazol used in peach has certain hazards and side effects under abnormal climate conditions.
First, the harm to open peach trees
1. The effect of resistance.
Cold resistance. Peach pacifiers used in Taoyuan, in the winter to the bud, if the climate is abnormal, too cold or too warm alternately, it will cause serious cold damage to the branches, and can lead to dead trees. In the production, the proportion of dead trees can reach more than 10%, and the results can reach 15% or more of the young trees. The proportion of dead trees in Taoyuan without paclobutrazol is less than 5%.
Disease resistance. The use of paclobutrazol in Taoyuan trees will reduce the cold resistance of the tree. In the spring of the second year, trunks and main lateral branches will develop severe flow, dry rot and rot in the frozen areas. Some tree trunks will develop ulcers in the spring. The bark burst and the tree died.
Drought resistance and wind resistance. Because paclobutrazol inhibited the development of main roots of trees, most of them were shallow fibrous roots. The ability of drought resistance decreased significantly in winter. A large number of root systems died of freezing and drying. In the case of strong wind and rain in the growing season, the plant sloped seriously and it was easy to destroy the tree body.
At present, the production of paclobutrazol is mostly used in the summer and autumn, and some fruit growers use less trim and more flower buds for repeated use in the fall, which also increases the side effects of paclobutrazol. After use in autumn, the root growth of the plant was inhibited, the activity capacity was greatly reduced, the tree rapidly changed from vegetative growth to reproductive growth (flower bud formation), and a large amount of nutrients were transferred from branches and leaves to flower buds. At the same time, the ability of the plants to photosynthesis (low temperatures in autumn) decreased, and only a small amount of organic matter (sugar, etc.) was transported to the roots. In this way, in the winter, the content of organic matter in the dry skin and phloem of peach branches using paclobutrazol was greatly reduced, the cell fluid concentration became low, and the freezing point increased, so the antifreezing power decreased. In the spring flowering to the budding stage, in the event of a cold spring (frozen snow day) weather, it will cause secondary damage, so that branches of ulcers, plastic flow, causing severe rot, eventually leading to plant death.
2. Effects on flowers and fruits.
With paclobutrazol, nutrients are excessively consumed due to the formation of a large number of flower buds, and stem drying occurs in winter and spring, resulting in an increase in the proportion of malformed flowers by about 20% and poor pollination. For fruits, it will cause fruit sour, and not easy to color, skin thickening, hard brittleness and sugar content decreased, bad taste, the average weight decreased. According to the production practice, paclobutrazol has a greater impact on peaches of early-maturing varieties, such as early Fengwang, Yuhualu, and Fangcang.
Second, the harm to the greenhouse peach
For peach trees in greenhouses, long-term heavy use of paclobutrazol resulted in severe weakening of the trees, mostly shallow fibrous roots on the ground, sensitivity to temperature changes, and consumption of nutrients during the flowering to young fruit period. In the case of pumping, in case of (low temperature) rain and snow, the photosynthesis of the leaves declines, and the root growth is blocked and the upper nutrients are not obtained. In a state of starvation, nutrient backflow causes the shoots to wither and the flowers and fruit fall off. This phenomenon is called "self-closing phenomenon." And twigs are prone to flow, and dry rot is associated with them.
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