Rice no-tillage cultivation is an innovative agricultural technique that eliminates the need for traditional plowing, saving time, labor, and improving productivity. This method has gained popularity due to its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. In Zhenjiang Town, Gaozhou City, Guangdong Province, there are 33 households in a low-lying village. Last year, 29 of them adopted the no-tillage approach. Compared to conventional farming, which costs around 100 yuan per 667 square meters, the no-tillage method only requires 20 yuan for herbicides and field fertilizer. Moreover, it results in more than 100 kilograms of additional yield per unit area. As a result, the entire village only spent an extra 12,000 yuan on this practice.
First, the requirements for no-tillage rice fields include selecting fertile land with a sufficient water supply, good drainage, and deep soil preparation. Low-lying flooded areas must be drained properly, while sandy or shallow soils are unsuitable for this method. After harvesting early rice, the stubble should be cut to a height of no more than 15 cm. The remaining plant material should be soaked in water to speed up decomposition and make it easier to manage during planting.
Second, seedling cultivation involves using plastic trays filled with nutrient-rich soil or crushed mud. Each tray should contain about 35–75 kg of fertilizer or directly mixed into the mud, along with 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer. The sowing date varies depending on local climate conditions. Seedlings should be aged between 15–20 days for early planting and 8–12 days for late planting. The seedbed should be near a water source but not prone to flooding. Approximately 7 square meters of depression is needed for every 667 square meters of land. When sowing, ensure the soil is moist but not waterlogged, and avoid floating sludge on the surface to prevent clumping.
Seedling management is relatively simple, focusing on maintaining proper moisture levels without overwatering. At the leaf stage, applying 130–200 grams of paclobutrazol per 667 square meters can increase tillering by 50%. Pest control is also essential during this phase.
Third, herbicide application is crucial for weed control. Choose safe, residue-free options like 20% Gramoxone, 74.7% Farmer’s Fungus, Phosphoside, or Grass Drying Agent. Pre-emergence herbicides such as 60% butachlor or straw-based products can also be used to suppress weeds. Spraying should be done 7 days before transplanting for early stages and 5 days for later ones. Farmers should apply herbicides 15 days before transplanting. The spraying process involves drying the field first, then mixing 20 grams of trace elements with 200–250 ml of solution or 200–250 grams of Farmer’s Fungus, along with 2 kg of potassium chloride or ammonium bicarbonate and 40 kg of water. In the evening, add 100–200 g of 60% butachlor and spray evenly. If it rains within 4 hours, reapply the herbicide.
After spraying, flood the field with water to drown the weeds. For Gramoxone, keep the field flooded for 5 days, and for other sprays, immerse the weeds for 10 days. Apply 10 kg of ammonium and 25 kg of superphosphate per 667 square meters. Reduce soaking time by 3–4 days if necessary. Once the topsoil is soft, drain the water and apply 15 kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer.
Fourth, transplanting requires maintaining 2–3 cm of shallow water in the field. Work in rows spaced 4 meters apart with a width of 30 cm. Distribute seedlings evenly, using 10% more than conventional methods. The recommended density is 17,000 plants per 667 square meters for high-yield areas, 18,000 for medium-fertilizer fields, and 20,000 for low-fertilizer fields. During transplanting, 80% of the area can be planted first, leaving 20% for later to ensure even distribution. Seven days after transplanting, combine herbicides with fertilization by mixing 50–100 g of suffolet with dry mud and fertilizer.
Finally, field management follows similar practices to conventional methods. Apply basal fertilizers, ensuring organic materials are well-decomposed. Apply light amounts of base fertilizer and reapply green manure and tiller fertilizer. At least 60% of the total fertilizer should be applied early. Maintain consistent water levels, perform regular irrigation, and ensure adequate sunlight exposure. During flowering, use shallow water, and keep the field moist during the grain-filling stage. Effective pest control is essential throughout the growing season.
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