Rice no-tillage cultivation is an innovative method that eliminates the need for traditional plowing, saving time, labor, and increasing productivity. This technique is highly recommended for modern rice farming. In Zhenjiang Town, Gaozhou City, Guangdong Province, there are 33 households in a low-lying village. Last year, 29 of them adopted the no-tillage method. While conventional rice cultivation costs about 100 yuan per 667 square meters, the no-tillage approach only requires 20 yuan for herbicides and fertilizers. Additionally, it produces over 100 kilograms more yield compared to traditional methods. As a result, the entire village added just 12,000 yuan to this specific cost item.
**First, Field Requirements for No-Tillage Rice**
To implement the no-tillage method, the field must be fertile with sufficient water supply, good drainage and irrigation systems, and deep tilling. Low-lying flooded areas should be properly ditched and drained. Sandy or shallow dry fields are not suitable for this technique. When harvesting early rice, it should be cut close to the ground, not exceeding 15 cm in height. The remaining plant residues should be soaked in water to speed up decomposition and make them easier to handle during transplanting.
**Second, Seedling Cultivation**
For sowing, each 667 square meters of seedbed (plastic tray) should be filled with about 35–75 kg of fertilizer or crushed mud, along with 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer. The sowing date varies depending on local climate conditions. Seedlings should be aged between 15–20 days for early planting and 8–12 days for late planting. The seedbed location should be near a water source, avoid flooding, and remain free from standing water. Approximately 7 square meters of depression is needed for every 667 square meters of seedbed.
When sowing, if the soil is rich in nutrients, fill the trays two-thirds full with nutrient-rich soil, spread the seeds evenly, cover with soil, flatten, and press firmly before watering. If using mud instead, place the plastic trays on compacted earth, fill with mud, flatten, sow the seeds, and allow the mud to settle.
It's important to ensure that the surface of the tray remains free of floating sludge to prevent seedlings from clumping, which could complicate the transplanting process.
**Third, Seedling Care**
Seedling management is relatively simple, focusing mainly on maintaining proper moisture levels. The soil should stay moist but not waterlogged. During the leaf stage, applying 130–200 grams of paclobutrazol per 667 square meters mixed with 100 kg of water can increase tillering by up to 50%. Seedlings should be transplanted when they have 2.5–3 leaves, and regular pest control is essential.
**Fourth, Herbicide Application**
Choose efficient, safe, and residue-free herbicides. Options include 20% Gramoxone, 74.7% Farmer’s Fungus, Phosphoside, and Grass Drying Agent for early weed control. Pre-emergence herbicides like 60% Butachlor, Straw, and 10% Straw can also be used to eliminate weeds effectively.
Spray 7 days before transplanting for early applications, and 5 days before for late ones. Farmers should apply herbicides 15 days prior to transplanting. Before spraying, dry the field and mix 20 grams of trace elements with 200–250 ml of solution or 200–250 grams of Farmer’s Fungus, plus 2 kg of potassium chloride or ammonium bicarbonate and 40–50 kg of water. In the evening, add 100–200 g of 60% Butachlor and spray evenly over the weeds. If it rains within 4 hours, reapply.
After spraying, flood the field 2 days later for 5 days to drown the weeds. After 4 days, soak the area again for 10 days. Apply 10 kg of ammonium and 25 kg of superphosphate per 667 square meters. Reduce soaking time by 3–4 days for late applications. Once the topsoil softens, drain the field and apply 15 kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer.
**Fifth, Transplanting Requirements**
Keep 2–3 cm of shallow water in the field. Work every 4 meters with a width of 30 cm. Distribute the seedlings evenly based on the size of the plot and number of seedlings, aiming for 10% more than traditional methods. Transplanting density should be around 17,000 plants per 667 square meters for high-yield fields, 18,000 for medium-fertilizer fields, and 20,000 for low-fertilizer fields. During operation, 80% of the area can be planted first, leaving 20% for later to ensure uniform distribution. Seven days after transplanting, combine herbicides with fertilization by mixing 50–100 g of suffolet with dry mud and fertilizer.
**Sixth, Field Management**
Field management follows similar practices to traditional transplanting. Base fertilizers must be applied, and organic fertilizers should be well-rotted. Apply light base fertilizer, then reapply green manure and tiller fertilizer. At least 60% of the total fertilizer should be applied early. After seedlings emerge, use weeding compound fertilizers. Maintain adequate water levels, practice frequent irrigation, and ensure shallow exposure to sunlight. Water the field sufficiently when seedlings are established, provide shallow water during flowering, and keep the field moist during the grain-filling period. Regular pest control is essential for successful crop growth.
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