Sheath blight: It mainly damages leaf sheaths and leaves. In severe cases, it can also harm rice ear and deep stems. Leaf sheaths usually develop first, then leaves. Generally, dark green water spots appear on the surface of the water and gradually expand into an oval shape. Finally, moire-like large spots are synthesized. Light yellow leaves, heading difficulties, rice production rate decline, serious rice plants often cause lodging or scorpion dead, so that a serious reduction in rice production. Paddy fields with a disease incidence rate above 10% at the ear stage need to be controlled by drugs. 5% Jinggangmycin agent, 20% Jinggangmycin powder and 25% triadimefon wettable powder have better control effect on sheath blight. Rice blast disease: Rice blast disease can occur from the seedling stage to the grain filling stage. The main damage to the leaves and the neck of the panicle, the late stage is mainly the panicle blast and grain borer. The typical symptom of leafhoppers is the appearance of a spindle-shaped, grayish-yellow-yellow, long-spotted, brownish-necrotic line of chronic lesions or a round, water-stained gray-green, acute lesion. In the event of head and neck spasm, gray and black lesions appear on the neck of the ear, and then the whole ear becomes white. Grain pods with early onset of grain husks turn gray and white, form valleys, and late onset kernels produce brown ovals or irregular lesions. Severely darken the rice grains. The focus of rice blast prevention and control is susceptible varieties, sensitive period and old rice blast area. Immediately after the discovery of the disease center or acute lesions, in the old ward, planting Xiangzaoxian No. 31, Xiangzao No. 24 and other susceptible varieties should be used as a protective agent at the end of booting stage, early opening stage, and heading stage. , to prevent the most serious threat of neck and neck. If the weather continues to be conducive to the onset of disease, another drug may be given at the beginning of the grouting period. Available agents are: 20% tricyclazole wettable powder, 40% Fuji No. 1 EC, 16% rice harvest wettable powder and so on. Rice planthoppers: Adults and nymphs can all feed on the base of the rice culm. The damaged rice leaves are yellow, the rice plants are low in growth, and the heading is poor. When the damage is severe, the seedlings appear spotted perforated lodging and yellowing, resulting in a decrease in grain plumpness and even failure of the grain. Rice planthoppers occur at the base of the plant. When they are found, they often occur in large quantities and cause serious damage. Therefore, inspections should be made frequently. General investigation of 100 蔸禾, on average, each pod with 10 worms or more must be quickly prevented. Control method is coarse water spray, let the liquid settle to the base of the rice plant. Commonly used pesticides are 20% buprofezin WP, 10% imidacloprid WP and 80% DDVP. Leaf curled leafhopper: damage leaves, feeding leaf meat, wounded leaf blade tip into a cylindrical insect worm, scorpion with transparent white streaks, severely affect the photosynthesis of the leaves, resulting in not full grain, empty pods increase and poor harvest . For the vertical leafhopper, many farmers are used to seeing insects. This is wrong. When the amount of production does not reach the prevention and control index, the application of pesticides is not only not worthwhile, but also a waste of labor, pollution of the environment, but also enhance the resistance of insect pests. A rice field with 30 to 35 new worm-worms per 100 ft in the general ear stage is the field to be controlled. In the larval hatching peak period to the peak of 1st inoculation better control effect. The effective medicines for preventing and controlling vertical leafhoppers include: 5% Ruijin special glue suspension, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder + 80% insecticidal powder, and 1.8% avermectin emulsion water spray. The stem borer: The main harm to the stem, resulting in a large increase in dead booties, white panicles, cereals, seriously affecting yield. From heading to heading stage of early rice, the development of larvae of S. indica is in the stage of young age. At this time, the effect of pesticide application is better. The agents with better effects were 5% Ruijin special glue suspension, 90% crystal trichlorfon BT emulsion and 18% insecticide double. The severed Qihuan block occurred in the Huaihua rice planting field. The rice straw should follow the cut and stay away from the exposure of the paddy fields. At the same time, the rice piles should be dumped into the soil in a timely manner and the field water should be filled to prevent the residual larvae from moving into the middle and late rice fields to continue the damage.
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