The construction of Dianchi Lake in accordance with scientific methods is not only to build an ideal "home" for Huang Xin, but also to facilitate our daily management. In the practice of raising eels, we have rebuilt the Dianchi Lake numerous times. Our design of Dianchi Lake is based on the numerous reconstructions of Dianchi Lake. It can be said that it is one of our valuable practical experiences and it is dedicated to readers.
The first section of the construction of the earthen pond
22. Which places are suitable for the construction of a breeding pond?
For breeding on a large scale, the breeding farms should be constructed in such places as ventilation, sunny water, adequate water sources, non-polluted water, convenient drainage and irrigation facilities, relatively quiet and convenient transportation. For small-scale family rearing, the open space behind the house, the old pit, the low-lying land, the waste reservoir, etc. can be used for building or pooling on the roof of the building.
23, which place is suitable for building earthen pond?
Because there is no solid anti-leakage facility in the earthen pond, the earth pool must be constructed with a high groundwater table, a lot of water in the earthen pond and a place where the rainwater can be discharged in the summer rainstorm. The soil is more viscous, and it is not easy for the rainwater to wash the pool wall in summer. The bottom of the pool requires a certain hardness.
24. What is "temporary earthen pond"?
The temporary earth pool is also called a holding pool. In the practice of raising fisheries, it is necessary to dig a temporary earthen pond in order to temporarily reduce the deficiency of Dianchi Lake or if Dianchi Lake is still under construction. The construction of temporary earthen ponds is to dig a mud pool 70 to 100 centimeters deep. To save manpower, it is possible to dig about 40 centimeters deep, and then use the excavated mud as a rake. The four corners are made into an arc. The size of the pool depends on the requirements, but it is advisable not to exceed 10 square meters for the convenience of management. The pool is covered with a slightly thicker plastic film or color strip cloth. The joints are first sewn with threads and then compacted with soil. 10-20 cm thick silt is laid on the bottom of the tank and it is very soft and hard to touch with hard mud. About 30 centimeters from the bottom of the mud, an overflow pipe (bearing a plastic pipe or bamboo pipe, which flows out automatically when the water rises) is installed. The end of the overflow pipe is covered with a gauze or a screen net at the end to prevent the carp from slipping out of the pipe. go. In the pool, water plants (water lilies, water peanuts, etc.) that cover more than half of the water surface are placed. Then add water to make the water level flooded into the overflow pipe and you can throw it into the pool.
25. Do you need brickwork to build earthen ponds?
If the four walls of the earthen pond are relatively firm and have strong water retention and water retention capabilities, they can be constructed without bricks. On the other hand, a brick wall with a thickness of 6 cm or 12 cm can be built on the four sides of the wall or it can be made of stone. The brick wall or slate should be erected on the hard base of the pool, and the wall is 20-30 cm higher than the surface. Pool depth is generally 70-100 cm.
26. How to deal with the four walls of earthen ponds?
First compact the surrounding walls of the pool, and then cover the pool with a thick plastic film or color strip cloth. The lower end is buried in the mud more than 30 cm, the upper end of the high school is noodles, the interface with nylon suture. The earthen ponds used for farming and breeding are each capable of building 30-50 square meters, but the maximum size is not more than 100 square meters, so that the size of the breeding and the usual management, the overflow pipe (about 5 centimeters in diameter) is installed about 30 centimeters from the pool. If the pool is large, several overflow pipes may be provided.
27, how to lay the water plants in earthen ponds?
Because the four walls of the earthen pond may not be straight, and there are no facilities on the top of the pool wall to effectively prevent the jaundice from fleeing, we generally only lay the plants in the middle of the pool instead of the grass in the pool to attract the yellow locusts to pool. Central and not easy to come to the pool, so that it can prevent yellow flies to escape. The way to fix water plants is to use a bamboo basket as a frame (shape is determined by the shape of the pool). It is sized to be placed in the water surface of the pool and surrounded by the pool of energy. One meter above the edge is appropriate. Then put a lot of plants in the bamboo frame and fix the bamboo frame in the pool with piling.
28, how to set up food table?
Using earthen ponds to raise earthworms, the input feed sinks into the bottom of the pond, and the yellow earthworm often brings a large amount of feed into the soil when it is fed, causing great waste. Therefore, we need to set up a special feeding station. On the one hand, it can reduce or even avoid the waste of feed, and it is also conducive to the development of a kind of fixed-point feeding habits. The material of the food table is usually made of wood, bamboo plate, plywood, or even bamboo mats. The smaller pool requires the length and width to be not less than 1.5 times the body length of the yellow praying mantis, and for the larger soil pool, the square can be 1 square. The board above the meter can sink directly into the bottom of the pool. For boards that are not easy to sink, you can drill holes and place a few bricks underneath them so that they can be safely placed on the bottom of the pool. In general, there is a food court in the small pool, a large earthen pond (above 30 square meters), and an additional 1-2 food counters.
29. How should earth ponds for breeding be used to build?
The earthworm breeding ponds are generally only 2-6 square meters each, and their construction methods are basically the same as the earthen ponds used for grazing. However, the difference is that the pool needs to be piled with a pile of mud. The height is the same as the height of the water surface at the same time, and is central Muddy reeds or other aquatic plants can be planted on the mud heap.
30. How to build a soil pool for seedling cultivation?
The earthen ponds used for cultivating seedlings are generally temporary earthen ponds temporarily excavated at the time of the coming breeding season, and cement ponds are also used as nursery ponds. In the practice of raising fish, it is often necessary to temporarily dig a seedling cultivation pond due to lack of seedlings in the cement pool. The seedling cultivation pool is generally the breeding season of the yellow cricket, and it has been found that the jaundice began to spit out when it started to spit. The depth of the pool is generally 50 centimeters, and each pool is about 2-3 square meters. The bottom of the pool and the surrounding area are covered with plastic film or mining cloth. The interface is well-seamed. The bottom of the pool spreads 5-10 cm of manure or earthworm excrement, and an overflow pipe is installed at a depth of 10-15 cm from the bottom of the pond. The inner end of the overflow pipe is covered with double-decked tightly-covered gauze to prevent seedlings from escaping. A small amount of water lotus is put into the pond, and the pool water is added to the overflow pipe at the same time to let it cultivate the water quality and breed a lot of microorganisms. Put shading sheds on the day before the seedlings enter the pool and use double-layer shade nets or concrete tiles or bamboo mats to cover most of the cultivation ponds to prevent direct sunlight from unstable water temperatures.
Section 2 Construction of Standard Cement Pool
31. What are the advantages and disadvantages of cement ponds?
The advantages of cement pond culture are mainly as follows: (1) changing the water and dredging completely, the water body has a long shelf life; (2) the spilled liquid medicine has no dead ends, and the disease prevention and treatment effect is good; (3) the water temperature of the cement pool is often higher than that of the earthen pond in the low temperature season, which is conducive to prolonging the astragalus During the intake period, the feed intake during the same period is even greater, and the growth is faster. 4 Longer-term use, one-time pond construction can be used for more than a decade or even several decades. 5 It is easy to observe that fishing and other operations have low labor intensity. The disadvantages are: the investment in building a pool is large; the buffering capacity against temperature is less than that of a mud pool. In summer, local shading and other measures must be taken to keep pool water within safe limits.
32. How big is the cement pool?
The cement pools used for breeding are suitable for 2-6 m2 each; the breeding ponds should not exceed 20 m2 each. Too small to build a pool is more costly; too much inconvenience to manage, it is not conducive to the size of the aunt. Chengyu Pond generally builds 10 square meters or 20 square meters per mouth. In this way, the depth of pool water is 0.1 meters, which means that the amount of water in the pool is 1 cubic meter or 2 cubic meters. It is extremely convenient to measure the amount of water.
33. How to determine the depth of cement pool?
Generally used for cementless tanks, the pool depth of 50-70 cm can be, if there is soil cultivation, the depth of the pool can be deepened by about 20 cm. When using the concrete pool for soil aquaculture, it is generally sufficient to lay 10-20 cm thick sludge on the bottom of the pool. Sludge can be collected directly from paddy fields or ponds, and can also be replaced by earthworms. Generally, there is no hard block in the mud after being laid, and there is no hard matter, and the overall feeling of soft lubrication is better.
34. What are the basic requirements for building cement pools?
The concrete pool can be designed to be rectangular or square depending on the specific conditions. The pool wall is made of single brick (wall thickness 6 cm) or flat brick (wall thickness 12 cm). A brick was erected in the corner of the pool and rounded with sand and sand to prevent it from escaping from the pool due to the interaction between the right angles. The top of the pool wall was also erected inward. The probe bricks are used to prevent the scutellaria in the pool from directly jumping off the pool wall and escaping from the pool. The inner wall and the bottom of the pool are leveled with cement mortar. One end of the bottom of the pool is left as a drainage hole. If water is automatically supplied from a canal, a hole must be opened at the other end of the pool to serve as a water inlet hole. To facilitate the draining of pool water, we advocate the construction of above-ground pools as far as possible, that is, directly building bricks from the ground. At the same time, the bottom of the pool should be beveled so that it slightly inclines toward the drain hole.
35. How to design the water supply system for aquaculture ponds?
For small-scale home-breeding Astragalus mongolicus, pumps can be used to pump river water, field water, and pond water directly into aquaculture ponds. There is no need to build a water supply system. However, with well water and large-scale farming, it is necessary to establish a water tower and install water supply pipes at the same time. In general, a standard water tank of 100 m2 is required to establish a water tower or reservoir with a water capacity of 10 m3 or more. In order to reduce the labor intensity, the water tower is generally built at the highest position of the site or built at the bottom of the water tower and is higher than one meter above the water supply point of the whole site. In order to save costs, the construction of a reservoir near the water tower may also be considered for large-scale conservation. When the water in the tower is used up, it is pumped from the reservoir. Install PVC plastic water supply pipes from the water tower to various aquaculture ponds. The diameter of the general main pipe is not less than 3 cm, and the diameter of the branch water supply pipe is not less than 2 cm. Each pool is equipped with a ball valve switch. The water supply pipe is fixed with a matching pipe clamp.
36, how to design the drains of the farm?
The establishment of aquaculture ponds should fully consider the establishment of drainage channels and drainage ditch, so as to avoid flooding the whole site due to the inability of rainwater to be discharged in time during heavy rain, and the large number of escape of the eel will result in huge economic losses. The depth and width of the drainage ditch should be determined according to the size of the site. The site is large, and the width and depth of the ditch should be planned to be larger, and the drains closer to the lower end should be built wider and deeper. The site is small and the drainage ditch can be narrow and narrow, but it is better not to be narrower than 25 cm in order to clean up the ditch silt.
37. How to design the drainage system of aquaculture pond?
When we were designing aquaculture ponds, we drained the pool water. We designed a drainage hole. To prevent overfilling of the pool, we designed an overflow hole. However, in practical farming, the location of overflow holes is a headache. If it is designed to be 30 centimeters from the bottom of the pool, we do not need such deep pool water when we raise the young. If it is set to 20 centimeters, in the summer high temperature, in order to reduce the water temperature we need to deepen the pool water to more than 30 cm. The only way at this time is to plug the overflow hole. The weather in the summer changes, and if the storm comes and we don't open the blocked overflow hole in time, Huang Lan has the possibility of running away from the pool. For this reason, we have repeatedly designed and successfully designed an overflow pipe that combines the drainage hole and the overflow hole into two, and can freely control the depth of water. The production and installation method of the water pipe is as follows: a plastic pipe with a length of 5 to 10 cm more than the wall thickness of the pool and a diameter of 5 cm is intercepted, and an elbow of the same specification is mounted on both ends. Install it in the drainage hole of the culture pond so that it has an elbow in the pool and an elbow outside the pool so that the elbow is flush with the bottom of the pool or slightly lower. In this case, if we want to control the depth of the pool water to 30 cm, we only need to insert a water pipe with a length of about 30 cm on the elbow outside the pool. In this way, when the depth of the pool exceeds 30 cm, the pool water will automatically overflow from the water pipe. When we want to drain the pool water, we only need to unplug the inserted water pipe. If the breeding pond is large, we can add more drainage pipes.
38. How did Dianchi improve anti-escape facilities?
Small plastic baskets with a mesh size of about 15 cm in diameter are not available from the market. It is snapped on the inside of the pool elbow and pressed with one or two bricks to prevent escape from the row of overflow pipes. However, if the pond is kept with very small seedlings, this method will certainly not work. We can take a length of 3-5 cm of PVC plastic pipe, covered with a thin eye gauze or a dense mesh polyethylene cloth at one end, and then insert the other end into the elbow in the pool. Due to the fine meshes, microorganisms in the water can easily grow and clog the mesh, so check and clean the mesh frequently.
39. How to build additional breeding facilities in breeding farms?
In order to prevent the loss of the Yellow Emperor in case of escaping from the pool, it is necessary to add two more blocks at the end of the drainage ditch. Generally, mesh nets with a mesh diameter of not more than 0.5 cm are selected and supported by iron pieces or wood strips to form a mesh plate, which is installed and fixed in a drainage ditch. The purpose of installing two blocks is mainly to prevent the second block from effectively preventing its escape after the first network is blocked by rubbish.
40, how to eliminate the alkalinity of the new cement pool?
Because of the large amount of cement used in the newly built cement pool, its alkalinity is very heavy. If no measures are taken to remove it, it will be possible to put it directly into the jaundice and it will be “wreckedâ€. Alkaline elimination generally uses water immersion method, which means that the pool water is full, soaked for 7-10 days, and then drained to use. If you need to use it, you can also sprinkle 0.5 kg of vinegar or 10 mL of glacial acetic acid per 1 m3 of water. Soak it for 1 day and use it.
41. How to move in and cultivate aquatic plants?
There are currently two types of plants suitable for use in cement culture ponds, namely water lettuce and water peanuts. Water Hyacinth is known as Eichhornia crassipes, also known as water hyacinth; water peanuts are also known as revolutionary grasses and river vines. It can be moved directly from rivers and lakes. After it is moved in, it can be used to prevent diseases and insect pests. It can be splashed with every 1 cubic meter of water with 1 ml of “Cangbao No. 1†and 20 kg of water. This is especially true for aquatic plants. At the same time, with "Chen Bao 2" Quanchiposa, 0.5 ml per cubic meter of water. At the same time, the transplanted plants must be washed first and should not be carried into duckweed and other contaminants. The aquatic plants introduced in early spring, because they just regained their awake status, are very weak, and they can splash decomposed human excreta or sprinkle some urea appropriately to promote rapid growth to meet the demand for raising fish.
42, how to pile up the soil in the breeding pool?
The breeding ponds generally use small concrete pools with an area of ​​only 2-6 square meters. Since the breeding rate of no-land breeding is still low, it is recommended that everyone use the soil for breeding. That is, a mud heap is piled in the middle of the breeding pond, and the height is preferably 30-40 cm, making it like a small island in the water. The size of the mud heap depends on the size of the breeding pond, and generally the diameter should be no less than 0.5 meters. Muddy plants or aquatic peanuts are planted on the mud heap. The third section of the roof of the pond design
43. Can the roof of the building be built?
At present, in the small-scale farming of farmer households, there are a large number of people who use the roof of the housing to build ponds. However, we recommend farmers to fully consider the following factors before building the pool: 1 Load bearing issues. Some farmer households purchased prefabricated slabs with small steel bars and were of poor quality. In summer, the rearing ponds can reach water depths of up to 40 cm. Therefore, there is no absolute certainty for bearing weight. It is best not to build a breeding farm on the roof. 2 leakproof problem. Before the construction of the pool, the whole roof shall be repaired with cement, and water-proof glass, waterproof ointment shall be used for leakage prevention treatment. 3 To facilitate shelter shade. The temperature of the water in the Dianchi Lake at the top of the summer building rises rapidly, and it should be easy to shade the vines or use shade nets, bamboo fences, etc. for shading.
44. What should be noted for the construction of Dianchi Lake at the top of the building?
Considering the load-bearing conditions on the roof, it is suggested that all the bricks in the roof pool be erected (with a wall thickness of 6 cm); in addition to the breeding ponds, no-aquaculture is adopted. From the perspective of cooling, the height of one wall from which the sun constantly irradiates should be raised above the height of the culture pond, and then the pool should be retreated by about 10 centimeters to prevent the sun from irradiating the pool wall for a long time. As the pool rises, the undetected pool water becomes hot and jaundice die.
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