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The pheasant, also known as the "pheasant" or "rooster," has the scientific name *Phasianus colchicus* and belongs to the family Phasianidae. Native to China, this bird is widely distributed across the country, with as many as 19 recognized subspecies. Among them, the ring-necked pheasant is the most commonly seen, found throughout the nation. Male pheasants are striking in appearance, with a body length of nearly 90 cm. Their feathers are vibrant and colorful, featuring a distinct white collar around the neck, long legs, and a long tail. In contrast, female pheasants are smaller, with shorter tails and a more muted, sandy-brown coloration marked by dark spots.
Pheasants prefer to roost in hilly areas covered with vines during the day. In winter, they move to the foothills of grasslands and fields. These birds are naturally shy and highly sensitive to visual and auditory stimuli. They are easily startled by bright colors or unfamiliar sounds, often taking flight at the first sign of danger.
Pheasants have strong adaptability and are resistant to diseases, able to survive in both hot and cold climates. During the summer, they can tolerate temperatures up to 32°C and are not afraid of rain. In winter, they can withstand temperatures as low as -35°C, walking on snow, calling out, drinking water from ice, and even surviving overnight in such conditions. Although they are good at walking, they are not strong fliers. Their active nature makes them constantly move around, often looking around while walking and checking their surroundings frequently.
Their diet mainly consists of grains, berries, seeds, and insects. Pheasants have small crops and do not eat large quantities at once. They prefer to eat small amounts frequently, often eating for a short time and then moving on. This feeding behavior helps them avoid predators and stay alert.
Pheasants typically reach sexual maturity at 10 to 11 months of age and begin breeding. Males usually mature slightly later than females. During the breeding season, males build nests in sunny grassy or crop areas, using grass blades to create shallow nests. Breeding is seasonal, with about 50% of adult females mating between early April and mid-April, and egg-laying starting at the end of April. Mating is most frequent between May and June, which marks the peak of egg production. During this period, they can lay eggs throughout the year, with over 90% of their annual egg production occurring in this time.
Female pheasants lay 6 to 14 eggs per clutch, and they typically raise two broods each year. Artificially raised pheasants can lay 20 to 30 eggs during the egg-laying season. The eggs are pale olive-yellow in color and oval in shape. Unlike some birds, pheasants do not have a fixed nesting area. Egg-laying usually occurs between 10:00 AM and 3:00 PM. Most females lay one egg per day, but some may lay for two or even three consecutive days before taking a break. The mother lays one egg daily throughout the laying period.
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