Cuiguan is a newly developed pear variety cultivated by the Horticultural Institute of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Hangzhou Institute of Fruit Research. It ripens in late July, featuring large fruits with an average weight of 260 grams. Known for its small size, high quality, and excellent yield, Cuiguan is considered one of the best early-maturing pear varieties.
For pollination, suitable pollenizers such as Xizi Green or other compatible varieties with similar blooming periods can be planted in a ratio of 4:1. When planting strong seedlings, it's recommended to place them on slopes where sandy soil is used to improve clay-heavy conditions. Before planting, dig holes that are 0.8 meters wide and deep, and fill each with 5000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, or 50 kg of Shi Fertilizer and 0.5 kg of superphosphate per hole. Seedlings should be at least 1 meter tall with a trunk diameter of 1 cm or more, and treated with 5 Baume lime sulfur for disinfection. Planting is best done between mid-December and late December, with a spacing of 2 meters between trees and 3 to 3.5 meters between rows, resulting in approximately 95 to 110 trees per mu. After planting, the tree height should be pruned to around 50 cm.
Fertilization should be done rationally. In mid to late September, apply basic fertilizer, which should account for 70% of the annual total. For mature trees, apply 50 to 100 kg of farmyard manure or 3 to 4 kg of cake fertilizer per tree annually. Young trees should receive increased fertilizer as they grow. During the growing season, from March to July, apply 0.2 to 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer or 5 to 10 kg of human excreta, plus 0.1 to 0.2 kg of ammonium bicarbonate. Mature trees should receive three fertilization applications yearly: first in late April, applying 0.2–0.3 kg of compound fertilizer; second in late May to early June, adding 0.2–0.3 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.1 kg of potassium sulfate; and third in mid-August after harvest, applying 0.2–0.3 kg of compound fertilizer. Additionally, foliar sprays can be used during pest control. In mid-July, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to enhance fruit quality.
Pruning involves shaping the tree into an open center or layered form. During the growing season (June to September), prune saplings to encourage the formation of short fruiting branches. Main branches and lateral shoots should be cut back to 30–40 cm. Light pruning is performed on non-essential branches, and back branches are opened up to allow more light penetration. Summer pruning is also important to promote flower bud development. The main branch base angle should be around 35 degrees, while lateral branches should have a horizontal angle of 45 degrees.
Thinning fruit is essential for quality. During winter pruning, leave one fruit per inflorescence and remove excess buds. In spring, before full bloom, remove central flowers, keeping 2–3 per cluster. After the inflorescences expand, thin out the smaller flowers to retain only healthy ones. In summer, after the third physiological fruit drop, thin the fruit to one per cluster, spacing them 20–25 cm apart to maintain a leaf-to-fruit ratio of 40:1.
Bagging is recommended using 150×195 mm double-shade bags. Apply the bags after the physiological fruit drop, ensuring fungicides are sprayed beforehand. There's no need to remove the bags before harvest; simply pick the fruit along with the bag.
Common diseases include black spot, rust, ring rot, and brown spot, while pests such as pear psylla, pear stem sawfly, pear borer, pear woodworm, fruit-sucking moths, and beetles can cause damage. Regular monitoring and timely treatment are crucial for maintaining healthy orchards.
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