Cuiguan is a newly developed pear variety cultivated by the Horticultural Institute of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Hangzhou Institute of Fruit Research. It matures in late July, featuring large fruits with an average weight of 260 grams. Known for its small size, high quality, and high yield, Cuiguan is considered an excellent early-maturing pear variety. For pollination, it pairs well with varieties like Xizi Green or others that bloom at slightly different times, with a recommended pollinator-to-cultivar ratio of 4:1.
When planting strong seedlings, it's best to place them on slopes, where the soil should be improved by adding sand to reduce clay content. Before planting, dig holes 0.8 meters wide and deep on the hillsides, and 0.8 meters wide by 0.6 meters deep in paddy fields. Each hole should be filled with 5,000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, or 50 kg of Shi Fertilizer, along with 0.5 kg of superphosphate. Seedlings with a height of over 1 meter and a trunk diameter of at least 1 cm should be treated with 5° Baumé lime sulfur for disinfection. Planting is usually done between mid-December and late December, with a spacing of 2 meters between trees and 3 to 3.5 meters between rows, resulting in approximately 95 to 110 plants per mu. After planting, water the tree and prune it to a height of 50 cm.
For fertilization, apply basic fertilizer in mid to late September, accounting for about 70% of the annual total. Mature trees should receive 50 to 100 kg of farmyard manure or 3 to 4 kg of cake fertilizer per tree annually. Young trees require more frequent feeding as they grow, with applications of 0.2 to 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer or 5 to 10 kg of human excreta every 3 to 7 months, plus 0.1 to 0.2 kg of ammonium bicarbonate. Mature trees are typically fertilized three times a year: once at the end of April with 0.2–0.3 kg of compound fertilizer, again in late May to early June with 0.2–0.3 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.1 kg of potassium sulfate, and finally after mid-August with 0.2–0.3 kg of compound fertilizer. During pest control, foliar fertilizers can also be applied. In mid-July, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to enhance fruit quality.
Pruning involves using an open-center or layered training system, where branches are tied down to control growth and encourage the development of short fruiting branches. For young saplings, cut back trunks, main branches, and lateral extension branches to 30–40 cm, making light cuts or leaving long vegetative shoots. This process is carried out from June to September each year to promote the formation of short fruiting branches the following season. Other branches, except for main scaffolds, should be lightly pruned, while back branches are opened up to allow more growth. Focus on summer pruning to stimulate flower bud formation, and adjust branch angles—main branches should have a base angle of 35 degrees, while lateral branches should be at 45 degrees relative to the main branch.
Fruit thinning is essential for optimal yield and quality. Winter thinning involves removing excess buds during pruning, leaving one fruit per inflorescence and eliminating excessive flower buds. Spring thinning occurs 3 days before full bloom, where central flowers are removed, keeping 2–3 per cluster. After blooming, sub-floral buds are removed to retain only normal flowers. Summer thinning takes place after the third physiological fruit drop, with one fruit per inflorescence and spacing of 20–25 cm apart, ensuring a leaf-to-fruit ratio of 40:1.
Bagging is recommended using 150×195 mm double-shade bags, ideally applied after the physiological fruit drop. A fungicide must be sprayed before bagging. The bags are not removed before harvest and are picked along with the fruit.
Common diseases include black spot, rust, ring rot, and brown spot, while pests such as pear psylla, pear stem sawfly, pear borer, pear woodworm, fruit-sucking moths, and beetles may occur. Regular monitoring and timely treatment are essential for effective management.
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