With the rapid growth of the cattle industry, short-term fattening practices have become increasingly popular. More people are turning to this method as a profitable project, and many have achieved significant economic returns. However, there are still several challenges that need to be addressed in order to maximize profits and ensure healthy livestock development. To successfully raise fattening beef cattle and achieve higher economic benefits, it's essential to avoid the following key issues:
1. **Selecting the Right Cattle**
Choosing high-quality breeding stock is crucial. It’s best to select crossbred cattle such as Simmental, Charolais, or Limousin hybrids. These breeds are known for their health, disease resistance, and fast weight gain. The selected animals should weigh over 250 kg, be between 1 to 2 weeks old, and be non-castrated male calves. They should show signs of good health: bright eyes, moist nose, large mouth, strong appetite, well-developed limbs, shiny coat, and a broad chest. A robust and well-proportioned body is also a good indicator of quality.
2. **Maintaining Optimal Stable Conditions**
The stable temperature should be kept between 5°C and 10°C to support efficient weight gain. In winter, insulation is key—cover the walls with plastic sheets and use straw or mud to seal any gaps. This helps retain heat from the animals themselves and ensures a comfortable environment. In summer, shade and ventilation are important to prevent overheating. The cowshed must remain clean, dry, and well-ventilated to maintain hygiene and improve overall cattle performance.
3. **Effective Feeding and Deworming Practices**
Before starting the fattening process, it's important to treat the cattle for internal and external parasites. Use “Bommat†at a dose of 0.2 ml per 10 kg of body weight subcutaneously, or administer 0.1 g per kg orally. Three days after deworming, give each cow a dose of rhubarb to aid digestion. Feed them in a specific order: first coarse feed, then fine feed, and finally water. Avoid grazing and unnecessary movement to conserve energy. Provide clean, fresh water daily, and ensure they eat regularly. During hot summer months, it's better to focus on spring, autumn, and winter fattening, as heat and pests can negatively impact growth.
4. **Balanced Feed Mixtures**
Feed should be carefully formulated based on the weight and growth rate of the cattle. In the early stage, mix 6–8 kg of distiller’s grains, 2–3 kg of cornmeal, 0.75–1.0 kg of soybean meal, 50 grams of salt, and 50 grams of additives. Add 5 kg of corn stalks. Gradually increase the amount of distiller’s grains after 10 days of adaptation. During mid-fattening, increase to 10–15 kg of distiller’s grains, 3 kg of cornmeal, 1 kg of soybean meal, and 50 g of salt and additives. In the late stage, reduce soybean meal and add 0.5–1 kg of soybean meal or 100 g of urea. Always keep forage fresh and avoid feeding moldy or contaminated materials. If using urea, dissolve it in water first before mixing into concentrate feed, and limit daily intake to no more than 100 g per animal.
5. **Disease Prevention and Hygiene**
Regular immunization and health checks are essential. Keep the cattle clean by brushing them 1–2 times a day. Clean and disinfect feeding utensils twice daily. Disinfect cow beds, walkways, and walls with lime or caustic soda. Restrict access to the barn to prevent the spread of diseases. No outsiders should be allowed inside the facility.
6. **Optimal Fattening Period and Market Timing**
A successful short-term fattening period typically lasts 3–4 months. At this stage, the cattle should reach a fat body condition with a slaughter rate of up to 58% and a net meat yield of around 50%. The average daily weight gain should exceed 1.25 kg. When market conditions are favorable, it's best to sell quickly to maximize profit. Delaying sales increases feeding costs and slows weight gain, which reduces overall profitability.
By following these guidelines, farmers can significantly improve the efficiency and profitability of their short-term fattening operations.
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