1. Pond Conditions: The pond covers an area of 4 acres and is oriented east to west. The subsoil is clayey, with a thick layer of sludge at the bottom measuring 20-30 cm. The water depth ranges from 70 to 80 cm. Around the pond, a nylon mesh with a 1 mm diameter is installed. The top of the net extends 30 cm above the water surface and is secured with iron wire. The bottom of the net is buried 20 cm into the soil to prevent escape.
2. Pond Fertilization: Seven to ten days before stocking the loaches, 75 kg of quicklime per acre is applied to dry the pond. After 7 days, fresh water is introduced to flush out the pond. Once the water is clear, 75 kg of chicken manure per acre is added as a base fertilizer to promote plankton growth, which serves as natural feed for the loaches. The water clarity is maintained at approximately 20 cm, and the color is yellow-green to support optimal aquatic life.
3. Seed Stocking: In mid-June, after about one month of preparation, seedlings are stocked at a rate of 1,500 kg per acre. The seedlings are purchased from the local market and vary in size, typically around 160 per kilogram.
4. Feeding Schedule: From late June to early August, loaches are fed expanded pellet feed at a rate of 3-4% of their body weight daily. Feeding occurs twice a day—once at 5 PM and again at 10 PM. Sometimes, depending on how much the loaches eat, an additional feeding is given at 3 AM. The first feeding is 2% of the loach’s body weight, while the second and third feedings are each 1%. From late August to late September, feeding is reduced to 2% of body weight, given twice daily. When temperatures drop below 15°C, two feedings are provided each day, each at 0.5% of the loach’s body weight.
5. Water Quality Management: The water transparency is kept at 30 cm, with dissolved oxygen levels above 3.5 mg/L and a pH between 7.6 and 8.8. When the temperature rises to 33-37°C, water is changed between 10 AM and 3 PM. During spring and autumn, half the water volume is replaced. Water changes occur every morning at 6 AM and again at 10 AM. Every 20 days, 20 grams of quicklime pulp is added per cubic meter of water. Additionally, bleaching powder is used to disinfect the feeding areas once every 15 days.
6. Harvesting: The main harvesting period takes place before and after October. Loaches are caught using traps, with most of the catch done through water capture methods. This ensures minimal stress on the fish and maintains water quality during the process.
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