1. Pond Conditions: The pond covers an area of 4 acres and is oriented east-west. The subsoil is clayey, with a 20–30 cm thick layer of sludge at the bottom. The water depth ranges from 70 to 80 cm. A nylon mesh with a 1 mm diameter surrounds the pond. The top of the net extends 30 cm above the water surface and is secured with iron wire. The bottom edge of the net is buried 20 cm into the soil to prevent escape.
2. Qingtang Fertilization: Seven to ten days before stocking loaches, 75 kg of lime is applied per acre to dry the pond. After seven days, fresh water is introduced to flush the pond. Once the water is clear, 75 kg of chicken manure is added per acre as a base fertilizer to promote plankton growth, which serves as natural feed for the loaches. The water clarity is maintained at about 20 cm, and the water color is yellow-green.
3. Seed Stocking: At mid-June, after one month of preparation, seedlings are stocked at a rate of 1,500 kg per acre. The seedlings are purchased from the market and vary in size, typically around 160 per kilogram.
4. Feeding Management: From late June to early August, loaches are fed expanded pellet feed at a rate of 3–4% of their body weight daily. Feeding occurs twice a day—at 5 p.m. and 10 p.m. Occasionally, if the loaches eat quickly, an additional feeding is provided at 3 a.m. The first feeding is 2% of their body weight, while the second and third feedings are 1% each. From late August to late September, feeding is done twice daily at 2% of their body weight. When temperatures drop below 15°C, feeding is reduced to 0.5% of their body weight, still done twice a day.
5. Water Quality Control: The water transparency is kept at 30 cm, with dissolved oxygen levels above 3.5 mg/L and a pH between 7.6 and 8.8. During high temperatures (33–37°C), water is changed between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. In spring and autumn, half of the water is replaced regularly. Water changes occur every morning at 6 a.m. and again at 10 a.m. Every 20 days, 20 grams of quicklime pulp is added per cubic meter of water. Additionally, bleaching powder is used to disinfect the feeding areas once every 15 days.
6. Harvesting: Mud loach harvesting takes place before and after October. Fish are caught using cages, with most being captured during water drawdown. The process ensures minimal stress on the fish and efficient collection.
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