July is the ideal time to grow autumn cauliflower seedlings in the southern central region of Hebei Province. However, this summer has brought challenges with high temperatures, strong sunlight, drought, and limited rainfall, which can negatively affect the growth of cauliflower plants. To help farmers overcome these difficulties, here are some key technical tips for cultivating autumn cauliflower.
First, preparing the seedbed is crucial. Choose a shaded area for the seedbed and consider installing a shade net above it to protect against intense sun and sudden rain. Avoid using soil from areas where cruciferous vegetables have been grown in the past three years to reduce disease risk. Prepare a nutrient-rich mix by combining well-decomposed farmyard manure, peat soil, and compound fertilizer in the right proportions. After mixing thoroughly, sieve out any debris like stones or lumps. Spread the nutrient soil evenly on the seedbed to a depth of about 5 cm. Apply formalin at a rate of 30–50 liters per square meter, mixed with 3,000 ml of water, and spray it onto the surface. Cover the bed with plastic film for three days, then remove the film before sowing.
Second, selecting the right variety is essential. Opt for heat-resistant, disease-resistant, high-yield, and high-quality varieties such as Snow Mountain, Xuebao, and Sai Xue. These varieties are better suited to withstand the harsh summer conditions and produce good results in the fall.
Third, proper sowing techniques should be followed. For each acre, prepare a seedbed area of 5 to 6 square meters. Sow approximately 5 grams of seeds per square meter, totaling 25 to 30 grams per acre. Water the seedbed thoroughly before sowing. Once the soil is moist, spread the seeds evenly, cover them with a thin layer of fine soil (0.5–0.8 cm), and use mulch or straw to keep the bed cool and moist.
Fourth, effective seedling management is vital. During the hot summer months, seedlings grow quickly, and they typically reach transplanting stage after about 25 days, when they have 4 to 5 true leaves. This is especially important for early-maturing varieties to avoid seedlings becoming too old before planting, which can lead to small heads and reduced yield. When the seedlings have two true leaves, they should be transplanted. The transplanting area should be around 50–80 square meters. You can either transplant them into smaller beds or directly into nutrient pots. Since the summer heat causes rapid evaporation, it's important to monitor the moisture levels. Water the seedlings in the morning and evening as needed to ensure they remain healthy and well-hydrated throughout the growing phase.
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