First, applying foliar fertilizer to prevent early aging: After the crusting stage, peanut plants gradually lose their lower stem leaves until harvest, with each stem having only 4-6 leaflets. To maintain leaf vitality and extend their functional period, it's recommended to spray foliar fertilizer once every 7-10 days starting from the later stage of flowering. This should be done 2 to 3 times, using 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre, along with 500 grams of urea, all diluted in 50 liters of water for spraying. This practice helps enhance plant health and supports better yield.
Second, managing irrigation and drainage properly: During the full fruit development phase, the plant's water demand decreases, and root activity weakens. If there is excessive rain and poor drainage at this time, it can lead to root rot, yellowing stems, and reduced fruit set or even fruit rot. Therefore, if heavy rain occurs during the late flowering stage, it's important to drain excess water promptly. Although water needs are lower later on, drought can still cause root decay, leading to leaf drop, stem failure, and loss of fruit filling, ultimately reducing yield. Timely watering is essential to protect the roots, prevent stem diseases, improve fruit set, and ensure high and stable production.
Third, applying pest control measures in a timely manner: The main disease affecting peanuts in the later growth stages is leaf spot disease, which tends to occur under high humidity and continuous rainfall. It causes brown or black spots on the leaves, and severe cases can affect the petioles and stems, resulting in lower yields. To manage this, you can use 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder diluted at 600 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 1000 times, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder at 1000 times. Spraying should be done every 15 days, with 2 to 3 applications depending on the severity of the infection. This helps control the disease effectively and protects the crop from significant losses.
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