Due to the widespread occurrence of Panama disease, pink bananas carry a relatively high investment risk. As a result, in the past, our province only saw sporadic and small-scale cultivation. However, in recent years, due to the superior quality and attractive market price of powdered bananas, large-scale planting has begun. In 2001, two towns in Yangchun City—Yangchun City and Dachen Village—planted 1,000 acres of pink bananas. Unfortunately, most farmers lack proper management, leading to low yields. The average yield per plant is between 20 to 25 kg, and per mu (approximately 667 square meters), it ranges from 2,600 to 3,000 kg, which does not offer significant economic returns.
Through the efforts of the Mashui Xieyan Needle research team, some farms achieved remarkable results. One plot reported a yield of 45 kg per plant (up to 56 kg in some cases), with an average of 5,000 kg per mu. The value per mu reached 8,000 to 10,000 yuan, demonstrating considerable economic benefits. Below are the key practices that led to this success:
First, selecting the right site and seedlings is crucial. Pink bananas prefer well-drained, loose, weakly alkaline soil with good organic content. They are tall and have a strong root system, but they are vulnerable to wind and Panama disease. Therefore, planting should be done on dry land with low groundwater levels, avoiding areas with poor drainage or acidic soil.
For seedlings, test-tube seedlings are recommended because they are produced under strict quarantine conditions, reducing the risk of Panama disease. If using suckers, only healthy, vigorous shoots from non-infected plants should be selected.
Second, timely planting and scientific management are essential. Pink bananas take about 12–13 months to flower and 15–16 months to harvest. To maximize profit, planting should occur between September and February, as prices are stable and higher between December and June of the following year, typically ranging from 2 to 3 yuan per kilogram.
The plant height of pink bananas is around 3.5–4.5 meters, with wider spacing than regular bananas—typically 2.5 meters apart, allowing for about 100–110 plants per mu.
Third, proper fertilization is key. Before planting, apply 50–55 kg of superphosphate and 200–300 kg of manure mixed together for over 10 days as base fertilizer. After planting, apply urea, superphosphate, and potassium chloride in stages. For example, 2.5 kg urea, 3–4 kg superphosphate, 4–5 kg potassium chloride, and 25 kg of manure can be applied every 10–15 days. Adding 20 kg of cow urine can enhance nutrient absorption.
Fourth, disease and pest control must be prioritized. Panama disease is primarily spread through wounds, so minimizing root damage during farming is critical. Use herbicides for weeding and avoid damaging roots when removing side shoots. Fungicides like carbendazim and insecticides such as methamidophos should be sprayed every 15–20 days. Infected plants should be removed immediately, and the soil disinfected with lime.
Lime application improves soil structure, neutralizes acidity, and enhances nutrient availability while also having antibacterial properties. Regular use helps prevent diseases and creates a healthier growing environment.
Fifth, maintaining garden hygiene is important. Remove old, dead, or diseased leaves promptly to reduce pathogen sources. Burn infected plant parts to prevent disease spread.
Sixth, managing buds is crucial. After flowering, remove the last 3–5 small spikes to leave 9–17 fruits per bunch. Proper bud management ensures better yield and prevents competition for nutrients.
Finally, water management is vital. During long rains, ensure good drainage to prevent root rot. In dry periods, spray water or "ramp the water" into the banana pits to maintain moisture. This helps the plants absorb water effectively and grow properly.
By following these techniques, farmers can significantly improve the productivity and profitability of pink banana cultivation. (529600 Yangchun City Agricultural Institute)
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