With the growing awareness of health and wellness, Houttuynia cordata has gradually gained popularity as a clean, eco-friendly vegetable with great potential in the market. In recent years, researchers from the Hanzhong Institute of Science and Technology have conducted successful experiments on cultivating Houttuynia in orchards. By planting it between rows of pear, peach, plum, apricot, and grape trees, they achieved excellent economic returns. This intercropping method not only increases the yield per unit area but also supports more efficient land use, improves the orchard environment, suppresses weed growth, acts as a natural ground cover, enriches the soil, and helps maintain soil structure. It also benefits the growth of fruit trees and enhances overall productivity. With this method, one mu (approximately 667 square meters) can generate an income of 2,000 to 3,000 yuan, making it a highly profitable option. The technique has been widely accepted by local farmers, who now see it as a valuable addition to their orchard management.
Houttuynia, commonly known as "fish mint" due to its distinct fishy aroma, is rich in nutrients. It contains 2% crude protein, 0.4% crude fat, 6% polysaccharides, 0.7% calcium, 0.053% phosphorus, and 0.12–0.15% essential oils, along with amaranthine. It offers various health benefits such as detoxification, diuresis, anti-inflammatory effects, and digestive support. It can be consumed as a vegetable or processed into tea, wine, and health drinks, making it a versatile and nutritious crop with promising development potential.
Houttuynia thrives in warm and humid conditions and is resistant to cold, surviving even below -15°C. It flowers from April to May and produces fruit from June to July. Its seedlings emerge in late November and return to green in March of the following year. It is commonly found in valleys, ridges, grasslands, and near water bodies. It prefers fertile soils but is adaptable and can grow well in various conditions. Cultivated yields can exceed 1,000 kg per acre. It is suitable for cultivation across southern, northern, and northwestern regions of the Yangtze River.
To successfully intercrop Houttuynia in orchards, several key techniques must be followed:
1. **Propagation Methods**: Houttuynia can be propagated through rhizomes, cuttings, or runners. In late March to early April, runners are transplanted to sand beds or directly planted. Rhizome propagation is done in early March, where rhizomes are cut into 10–12 cm pieces with 2–3 nodes and fibrous roots. These are placed in shallow trenches spaced 15 cm apart and covered with 6–10 cm of soil. Cuttings are taken during summer, using thick stems cut into 3–4 node sections. After planting in beds under shade, the ideal temperature is 25–30°C with high humidity. Once rooted, they are transplanted to the field.
2. **Site Preparation**: Choose flat, well-drained land with good irrigation. Prepare the plot by removing weeds and plowing to a depth of 25–30 cm. Apply 4,000–5,000 kg of farmyard manure and 150–200 kg of wood ash (or 15 kg of potassium sulfate). Create raised beds of 1.5–2 m wide depending on tree spacing.
3. **Planting Techniques**: Dig ditches 12–14 cm wide and 10 cm deep, spaced 20–30 cm apart. Place seedlings every 5 cm and cover with soil, then add a layer of fine soil to ensure good contact. Water thoroughly and keep the soil moist for optimal germination.
4. **Field Management**: Regular watering is essential, especially during dry periods. Weeding is done 2–3 times before the plants establish. Fertilize with nitrogen-based fertilizers such as human urine or urea. After the first harvest, apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and spray a 0.4% KH₂PO₄ solution every 7 days for 4–5 times. Cultivate the soil when the plants reach 10 cm to promote tender stem growth. Pests and diseases are rare, but root rot can be treated with a 70% thiophanate-methyl solution if necessary.
5. **Harvesting**: From April to October, Houttuynia can be harvested multiple times. Wash the plants after harvesting, bundle them, and store properly. Maintain cleanliness and hygiene to meet GB18406.1-2001 standards and pollution-free vegetable requirements. This method ensures a steady supply of fresh, healthy produce while supporting sustainable farming practices.
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