The potato tuber moth, also known as the potato wheat moth or tobacco leaf miner, is a species of the family Gelechiidae in the order Lepidoptera. It is widely distributed across 14 provinces in China, with severe infestations reported in regions such as Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan. This pest primarily affects plants in the Solanaceae family, including potatoes, tobacco, and eggplants, with peppers and tomatoes also being vulnerable. The larvae feed on the leaves, causing damage by chewing through them. In severe cases, they can destroy tender stems and leaf buds, leading to the death of young plants. During both field growth and storage, the larvae tunnel into potato tubers, often consuming the entire tuber and causing it to shrink, rot, and become unusable. Due to its economic impact, this pest is considered a key target for both international and national quarantine measures.
To prevent and control the potato tuber moth, several strategies are recommended. First, strict quarantine measures must be enforced. It is crucial not to transport infected or unprocessed tobacco leaves from infested areas. If transportation is necessary, fumigation is required. At room temperatures between 10°C and 15°C, methyl bromide at 35 g/m³ should be used for 3 hours. When the temperature is above 28°C, the dose is reduced to 30 g/m³, with a fumigation time of 6 hours. Alternatively, carbon disulfide at 7.5 g/m³ can be applied at 15°C to 20°C for 75 minutes. These methods effectively eliminate all life stages of the pest without affecting the quality or development of the tubers.
Second, proper storage practices are essential. Before storing seed potatoes, warehouses should be thoroughly cleaned, and insecticidal sprays should be applied to cracks, doors, and windows. Fine mesh screens should be installed on vents to prevent adult moths from entering. Seed potatoes should be treated with 200–300 times diluted solutions of 80% trichlorfon soluble powder or 25% carbaryl wettable powder. After cooling, the treated tubers should be stored in two or three layers to ensure even distribution and better protection.
Third, field management plays a critical role in reducing infestations. Using certified disease-free seed potatoes is highly recommended to avoid long-term crop rotation with susceptible plants like potatoes and tobacco. Farmers should keep fields clean and use tillage to disrupt the lifecycle of the pest, preventing adults from laying eggs on exposed tubers.
Finally, chemical control measures are effective when applied during the adult emergence stage. Pesticides such as 50% phoxim EC, 50% chlorpyrifos EC, and 80% trichlorfon soluble powder can be used at a dilution of 1000 times. Other options include 2.5% deltamethrin EC, 20% fenvalerate EC, 2.5% kivrin EC, 5% fenvalerate (Laurel) EC, and 10% cypermethrin EC. A 2000-fold solution of 50% Bataan soluble powder can also be applied, using 100–150 grams per mu of water. These treatments help reduce population levels and protect crops from further damage.
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