Multi-layer bed cultivation technology of garlic

First, the cultivation period typically runs from January to the end of February, during which bed frame cultivation is carried out. This timing allows for optimal growth conditions as the weather begins to warm up. Second, the construction of the raised beds involves careful planning and material selection. The location of the beds is divided into three sections: the front and rear parts of the greenhouse are shorter, allowing for two shelves, while the middle section is taller, accommodating three shelves. The distance between each bed is maintained at 80 cm to ensure proper spacing. The materials used include wood, straw, old plastic film, iron wire, and a small amount of red bricks, creating a sturdy and functional structure. For laying the bed, the first layer is built 10 cm above the greenhouse floor. Several walls, approximately 6–7 cm wide, are placed, each extending 1.2–1.6 meters in length. A wooden frame is then used to create a bed frame that is 1–3 meters wide (with no limit on length). The spacing between the wooden rods should ideally be 20–30 cm. Once the frame is set, an old plastic sheet is laid on top to help retain moisture, followed by a 6 cm layer of sandy loam soil. The second layer is constructed 80–100 cm above the first, using wooden poles to form an abduction frame. The bed width is kept at 1 meter, and after securing the frame, a 6 cm layer of straw is added. Another layer of old plastic film is placed on top, followed by 6 cm of sandy loam soil, which is then compacted. The third layer is built 60 cm above the second, using wooden poles to create a frame. The bed width here ranges from 80–90 cm. After the frame is completed, a 6 cm layer of straw is spread, followed by an old plastic sheet. Finally, 6 cm of sandy loam soil is added and firmly pressed down. Third, effective cultivation management is essential. For garlic selection, large varieties with big bulbs, many cloves, and short dormancy periods are preferred. These varieties promote rapid sprouting and high yield. Garlic seeds are treated by soaking them in 20°C water for 30 hours to encourage swelling. After soaking, they are drained and allowed to air dry before the stem plate is removed. For large-scale production, removing the stem plate may not be necessary, but two knives must be harvested. When planting, 15 kg of garlic per square meter is recommended. The garlic should be tightly packed, with loose garlic filling the gaps. After covering the garlic, a 3 cm layer of fine sand is added, and the bed is watered regularly, with photos taken every three days to monitor growth. Moisture management is crucial. Watering should be done when seedlings emerge, using water at least 15°C, preferably 20°C, to avoid lowering the bed temperature. Watering is also required during the early growth stage (after planting), mid-growth stage (when plants reach 15–16 cm), and late growth stage (4 days before harvest). Due to the exposed nature of the seedlings, water evaporates quickly, so the frequency depends on the moisture level of the soil. Temperature control is vital throughout the growing process. The greenhouse cover should remain clean to maximize light penetration. After planting, daytime temperatures should be maintained between 24°C and 26°C, with nighttime temperatures between 20°C and 22°C. Once the shoots appear, the daytime temperature should be reduced to 22°C–24°C, and nighttime to 18°C–22°C. When the plants reach 15 cm in height, daytime temperatures should be around 20°C–22°C, and nighttime between 16°C–18°C. During harvest time, the daytime temperature should be kept at 18°C, and nighttime between 14°C and 16°C. Fourth, timely harvesting is important. Garlic should be harvested when it reaches 35 cm in height, with the seedling leaves slightly tilted. The first cut can be made 20 days after planting. After the first harvest, the roots should be allowed to heal before re-watering. The second cut is made 20 days later, once the new seedlings reach 30 cm in height.

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