Cotton Seedling Management and Transplanting
During the early growth stage, from the cotyledon to the two true leaves, cotton seedlings are highly vulnerable to various diseases that can seriously affect their development. Common issues include root rot, which damages the roots, anthrax that affects the leaves, and brown spot disease. These diseases tend to be more prevalent in wet, cold, or warm climates and often occur together. Poor light conditions may lead to weak, elongated seedlings, while excessive moisture can cause stiff, unhealthy seedlings, resulting in uneven stands and poor crop establishment.
To effectively manage cotton seedlings and prevent diseases, the following practices are recommended:
1. Control humidity and temperature in the seedbed.
Once the seedlings emerge and the cotyledons begin to unfold, it's important to open the plastic covers at both ends for ventilation. This helps reduce humidity, lower temperatures, and harden off the seedlings to avoid tall, weak growth. At the same time, be cautious of late spring frosts that could harm young plants.
2. Spray a protective solution before transplanting.
Two to three days before transplanting, apply a mixture of 5 ml of bacterial sterilizer per 15 kg of water, along with 20 g of carbendazim and half a dose of "spring rain" (a fungicide). This treatment helps prevent multiple diseases, including yellowing and wilt, and promotes faster root establishment, leading to strong, healthy seedlings.
3. After transplanting, maintain proper soil conditions and monitor pests.
After transplanting, it's essential to cultivate the soil regularly to improve ground temperature and soil aeration. At the same time, closely monitor for insect pests. For example, ground beetles can be controlled by mixing 50 grams of 90% trichlorfon per acre with 2 pounds of water, then adding 2.5 pounds of cooked cotton cake or wheat bran. Sprinkle this mixture around the seedlings to deter pests.
When spider mites appear, causing the leaves to look burned, spray a 1500-fold dilution of an appropriate insecticide. Similarly, if aphids infest the plants, causing stunted growth, use a 1500-fold solution of Coke (a common name for certain insecticides). For damage caused by stink bugs, especially during the cotyledon stage, which causes “broken leaf disease,†spray a 1500-fold solution of a suitable pesticide. It is also effective against aphids. Note that control of stink bugs should be done in the evening or early morning for best results.
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