Cotton Seedling Management and Transplanting
During the early growth stage, from the cotyledon to the two true leaves, cotton seedlings are highly vulnerable to various diseases that can severely impact their development. Common issues include root rot caused by blight, leaf damage from anthrax, and brown spot infections. These diseases tend to be more prevalent in wet, cold, or warm climates and often occur together, making it challenging to manage them effectively. Poor light conditions may lead to weak, elongated seedlings, while excessive moisture can result in stiff or unhealthy seedlings, ultimately affecting the overall stand and yield.
To ensure healthy cotton seedlings, the following management and disease prevention strategies are recommended:
1. Control Humidity and Temperature in the Seedbed
Once the cotton seedlings emerge and the cotyledons open, it is essential to remove the plastic covers at both ends of the seedbed for ventilation. This helps reduce humidity, lower temperatures, and harden off the seedlings to prevent them from becoming too tall and weak. At the same time, monitor the weather to avoid late spring frosts, which can damage young plants.
2. Pre-transplant Disease Prevention
Two to three days before transplanting, apply a mixture of 5ml of bacterial sterilizer per 15kg of water, 20g of carbendazim, and half a portion of spring rain solution (1/15kg). This treatment helps prevent multiple diseases, including yellowing and wilt, and promotes faster root establishment after transplanting, leading to stronger, healthier seedlings.
3. Post-transplant Care and Pest Control
After transplanting, regular weeding, soil loosening, and temperature monitoring are crucial to improve soil aeration and promote root growth. Additionally, it's important to monitor and control pests such as ground beetles, spider mites, aphids, and stink bugs.
To control ground beetles, mix 50 grams of 90% trichlorfon per acre with 2 pounds of water, and combine it with 2.5 pounds of cooked cottonseed cake or wheat bran. Apply this mixture between the rows to protect the seedlings from damage.
For spider mites, spray a 1500-fold dilution of the appropriate insecticide. When aphids appear, causing the plant tips to contract and growth to stagnate, use a 1500-fold solution of Coke or similar product.
In cases of damage from blind stink bugs, the cotyledon stage may show "broken leaf disease," and the top buds may develop multiple heads. A 1500-fold solution of an appropriate pesticide can be used. It’s also effective against aphids. Note that the best time for applying these treatments is in the evening or early morning when pests are most active.
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