1. Inadequate drive belt configuration: Small four-wheel tractors typically come with three V-belts for power transmission. However, some operators only use one or two belts at a time, neglecting the third. When the tractor is under heavy load, the belt slips significantly, leading to reduced transmission efficiency and lower engine output. This slipping also causes excessive heat, which can result in belt delamination, deformation, and accelerated wear. Therefore, it's important not to remove any of the drive belts, as they are essential for proper operation and longevity.
2. Neglecting the cooling system maintenance: The water tank of the tractor is usually open, making it susceptible to dust and dirt entering during operation and parking. Over time, impurities from dirty water settle inside, forming scale that clogs the cooling channels. This reduces the engine's ability to dissipate heat, causing the temperature to rise, oil to thin, and lubrication performance to decrease. As a result, moving parts wear faster, and thermal expansion may affect the tractor's technical performance, reducing power and potentially leading to serious issues like cylinder damage or bearing failure.
3. Unauthorized modifications: Some drivers make arbitrary changes to their tractors, altering original mechanical properties. For example, increasing the diameter of the driving pulley to boost speed can lead to several problems. First, changing the gear ratio increases clutch speed, resulting in greater impact loads and torsional vibrations, which shorten the life of clutch components. Second, a larger pulley increases the contact area between the belt and the wheel, making the belt more prone to breaking and wearing out faster. Third, higher speeds reduce traction, creating safety risks during transport and hill climbing. Additionally, increased load raises the engine temperature, thins the oil, and makes it harder to form an oil film, accelerating wear on the crankshaft and other engine components. Finally, modifications can compromise the tractor’s handling and stability, increasing the risk of brake failure and early part wear.
4. Overloading the tractor: Some drivers overload the tractor during transport without considering the consequences. Prolonged overloading puts extra stress on the engine, transmission, and running parts, raising temperatures and reducing lubrication effectiveness. In emergencies, this can increase braking distance, raising the risk of accidents. Overloading also increases fuel consumption, causes black smoke from the exhaust, and promotes carbon buildup in the combustion chamber, accelerating piston and cylinder wear.
5. Improper starting method: Some tractors start using traction, but due to the viscosity of the oil in the gearbox and oil sump, the resistance increases. If the clutch is engaged too quickly, the gears may suffer from impact loads. Frequent use of this method can cause gear teeth to break due to fatigue. It is strictly advised against using this method, especially in cold weather, as it can cause severe damage to the transmission system.
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