1. Inadequate Transmission Belt Usage: Small four-wheel tractors typically come with three V-belts for power transmission. However, some operators only use one or two of them, or even just the top one. When the tractor is in operation, the increased load causes severe slippage of the belt. This not only reduces transmission efficiency but also decreases the output power. The belt becomes overheated, leading to delamination, deformation, and accelerated wear. Therefore, it's important not to underuse the drive belts, as this can lead to serious mechanical issues and shorten the lifespan of the system.
2. Neglected Cooling System Maintenance: Many operators leave the water tank open when using or parking the tractor, allowing dust and debris to fall into it. Sometimes, it gets filled with hard, dirty water, and impurities settle over time. As a result, scale builds up, clogging the cooling channels. This affects the engine’s ability to dissipate heat, causing the temperature to rise. High temperatures thin the engine oil, reducing its lubrication performance and accelerating wear on moving parts. It can also cause thermal expansion, affecting the technical performance, decreasing power, and potentially leading to serious failures like burned bearings or damage to the viscous cylinder.
3. Unauthorized Modifications: Some drivers modify the tractor without proper knowledge, altering its original mechanical properties. For example, to increase speed, some may enlarge the diameter of the driving pulley. This can lead to several problems: first, changing the gear ratio increases the clutch speed, which results in higher impact loads and greater torsional vibration during operation, shortening the life of the clutch components. Second, the increased contact area between the belt and pulley makes the belt more prone to breaking and wearing out faster. Third, higher speeds reduce traction, creating risks during transport and hill climbing. Additionally, the increased load raises the engine temperature, thins the oil, and makes it harder to form an oil film, accelerating wear on the crankshaft and other engine parts. Finally, the tractor's maneuverability and stability are compromised, increasing the risk of brake failure and early wear on braking components.
4. Overloading During Transport: Some drivers overload the tractor during transportation, placing excessive strain on the engine, transmission, and running parts. This leads to increased stress on components, higher temperatures, and thinner lubricating oil, which reduces lubrication effectiveness. In emergencies, the tractor may not stop in time, increasing the braking distance and raising the risk of accidents. Fuel consumption also rises, black smoke comes from the exhaust, and carbon deposits accumulate in the combustion chamber, further damaging pistons and cylinders.
5. Improper Traction Starting: Some tractors start by using traction, but due to the viscosity of the oil in the gearbox and oil sump, the resistance increases. If the clutch is engaged too quickly, the gears may suffer from sudden load impacts. Frequent use of this method can cause gear teeth to break due to fatigue. It is strongly advised against using this starting method, especially in cold weather, as it can cause significant damage to the transmission system.
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