In the summer, feeding cows with fresh, green, and juicy feed is highly beneficial. These feeds are rich in carbohydrates and water, making them very palatable and hydrating. They help cool down cows during heat stress and reduce the risk of sunstroke. When ensuring adequate dry matter intake, offering high-quality grasses, carrots, wax gourds, watermelons, sweet potatoes, and potatoes can significantly boost milk production and improve milk fat content. In addition, incorporating good quality concentrates like bran and soybean meal can further support their nutritional needs.
Feeding a porridge-like mixture can also be an effective strategy. By replacing part of the concentrate with this soft feed, you can enhance digestibility. For example, mixing 1.5 kg of refined feed, 1.25–2.5 kg of carrots, and 58 kg of water into a porridge-like consistency and pouring it over silage can increase urine output, helping to eliminate excess heat from the body.
Another option is feeding saltwater bran soup. This not only stimulates appetite but also ensures proper hydration and helps regulate metabolism. It can effectively manage milk production. A recommended daily ration includes 50 kg of water, 50 grams of salt, and 1–1.5 kg of bran, given three times a day.
Mung bean soup is another great summer supplement. Known for its cooling and detoxifying properties, it helps cows stay comfortable in hot weather. To prepare, use 1–1.5 kg of fresh mung beans with 4–5 kg of water, cook for 1–2 hours, then add 40 kg of clean water and serve once daily.
Sodium bicarbonate supplementation helps maintain the acid-base balance in dairy cows, supports digestion, and increases feed intake. Typically, it should be added at 3.84% of the concentrate or about 340 grams per cow per day. It works better when combined with citric acid, and salt intake should be reduced accordingly.
During heat stress, potassium levels in cows decrease due to increased excretion. To counteract this, potassium chloride can be added to drinking water or feed at a rate of 60–80 grams per cow per day.
Vitamin C is essential during hot weather as heat stress reduces the cow’s ability to synthesize it while increasing its demand. Supplementing with 0.04–0.06% vitamin C in feed can help lower body temperature, stimulate appetite, and strengthen immunity.
Lastly, Vitamin E plays a key role in protecting fats and other vitamins from oxidation, enhancing the absorption of Vitamins A and D. During summer, increasing Vitamin E by 3–5 times the normal amount can reduce the impact of heat stress on dairy cows.
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