In summer, it's important to adjust feeding practices to help dairy cows cope with heat stress and maintain high milk production. Feeding green and juicy feed such as fresh grass, carrots, wax gourds, watermelons, sweet potatoes, and potatoes can be very beneficial. These feeds are rich in carbohydrates and water, making them highly palatable and hydrating. They help cool the cows down and reduce heat stress, which is crucial during hot weather. When combined with quality concentrate feeds like bran and soybean meal, they can enhance milk yield and improve milk fat content.
Another effective feeding strategy is to offer a porridge-like mixture. By replacing part of the concentrate with a soft, moist feed, you can increase water intake and help cows expel more heat through urine. A typical recipe includes 1.5 kg of refined feed, 1.25–2.5 kg of carrots, and 58 kg of water, cooked into a porridge-like consistency and served over silage.
Feeding saltwater bran soup can also support cow health. This mixture helps stimulate appetite, ensures adequate water intake, and regulates metabolism. It’s recommended to provide 50 kg of water mixed with 50 grams of salt and 1–1.5 kg of bran, offered three times a day.
Mung bean soup is another great option during the summer. It has cooling and detoxifying properties that help cows stay comfortable. To prepare, use 1–1.5 kg of fresh mung beans, add 4–5 kg of water, and cook for 1–2 hours. Then dilute with 40 kg of clean water and serve once daily.
Sodium bicarbonate can be added to the diet to support acid-base balance and digestion, which in turn improves feed intake. It is typically used at a rate of 3.84% of the concentrate or about 340 grams per cow per day. Combining it with citric acid enhances its effectiveness, and it’s advisable to reduce salt intake when using sodium bicarbonate.
During heat stress, potassium levels in the blood may drop, so supplementing with potassium chloride is essential. Adding 60–80 grams per cow per day to drinking water or feed can help maintain proper electrolyte balance.
Vitamin C is also critical during hot weather. Heat stress reduces the cow’s ability to synthesize this vitamin, but their needs increase. Adding 0.04–0.06% of Vitamin C to the feed can help regulate body temperature, boost appetite, and strengthen immunity.
Finally, Vitamin E plays a key role in protecting fats and other vitamins from oxidation. It supports the absorption of Vitamins A and D, and adding 3–5 times the normal amount during summer can significantly reduce the impact of heat stress on dairy cows.
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